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时间:2018-02-10
《situation types aspect grounding situations in time tense》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、Chapter8Situationtypes:Aspect8.0Overview8.1Situationsandbasicaspectualclasses8.2Typesofevents8.3Accomplishmentsandaccomplishingactivities8.4Boundedactivitiesandunboundedactivities8.5Achievementsandculminatingactivities8.6Actsanditerativeactivities8.7Typesofstates8.8Conclusion8.9Summary8.0OverviewT
2、hischapterdiscussesthenotionofsituationanditsinteractionwithaspect.Aspectisthegrammaticalformusedbyaspeakerintakingaparticularviewofasituation.Thespeakermayviewasituationwithamaximalorarestrictedviewingframe.Eventswhichareviewedwithamaximalviewingframeareseenexternallyandintheirentirety.Suchbounde
3、deventsareexpressedinthenon-progressiveaspect,asinAnncuddledthebaby.Eventswhichareviewedwitharestrictedviewingframeareseeninternallyandintheirprogression,butstillimplyboundaries.Suchunboundedeventsareexpressedinthepro-gressiveaspect,asinAnniscuddlingthebaby.Stateswhichareviewedwithamaximalviewingf
4、rameareseenasinfinite.Suchlastingstatesareexpressedbythenon-progressive,asinAnnliveswithherparents.Somestatesmayalsobeviewedwitharestrictedviewingframeand,likeboundedevents,implyboundaries.Suchtemporarystatesareexpressedbytheprogressiveaspect,asinAnnislivingwithherparents.176CognitiveEnglishGrammar
5、8.1Situationsandbasicaspectualclasses8.1.1SituationsThenotionsituationhasalreadybeenintroducedinChapter3.2,wherewelookedatitsconceptualcoreanditsgroundingandsettingelements.Situationsarealsocharacterisedbyanotherimportantproperty:theyhaveaparticulartemporalstructure.Forexample,thesituationdescribe
6、dbyGrandmabakedherfavouritecherrypiehasastartingpoint,anend-pointandacertainduration,whilethesituationdescribedbyWejustloveherpieshasnostartingpointandnoend-pointandhencenospecificduration.Theseareclearlydif-ferenttypesofsituation:theformersentencedescribesanevent,thelatterastate.Wewilldescribesuch
7、temporalstructuresdefiningtypesofsituationsastimeschemas.Wemaynowdefineasituationmoreexplicitlyasaconceptualunitconsistingofaconceptualcore,atimeschema,groundingelements,andsettingelements.situationconceptualcoreti
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