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1、6APeacefulEvacuation:BuildingaMulti-ProjectBattalionbyLeadingUpwardbyAlexanderLaufer,ZviZiklik,andDoraCohenca-ZallTheTurbulentBirthoftheUnilateralDisengagementIsraeliPrimeMinisterArielSharonshockedtheentirepoliticalspectrumonDecember18,2003,whenheannoun
2、ced:“...ifinafewmonthsthePalestiniansstillcontinuetodisre-gardtheirpartinimplementingtheRoadMap,thenIsraelwillinitiatetheunilateralsecuritystepofdisengagementfromthePalestinians...TheDisengagementPlanwillinclude...achangeinthedeploymentofsettlements,whi
3、chwillreduceasmuchaspossiblethenumberofIsraelislocatedintheheartofthePal-estinianpopulation...Thisreductionoffrictionwillrequiretheextremelydifficultstepofchangingthedeploymentofsomeofthesettlements...”Then,onFebruary3,2004,Sharonclarifiedthatthedisenga
4、ge-mentwouldprimarilybefromtheGazaStrip:“Itismyintentiontocarryoutanevacuation—sorry,arelocation—ofsettlementsthatcauseusproblemsandofplacesthatwewillnotholdontoanywayinafinalsettlement,liketheGazasettlements.”149150MasteringtheLeadershiproLeinprojectMa
5、nageMentSharon,whowasoneofthesettlementmovement’sstaunchestallies,outragedandalienatedmanyofhisright-wingnationalistsup-porters,whileelicitingstartleddisbelieffromhisleft-wingopponentsinIsrael.Hehadbeenelectedonthemandatetoprotectthesettle-ments,whichhe
6、describedasbeing“nodifferentfromTelAviv.”HeapplaudedthestrategicvalueofJewishcommunitiessuchasNet-zarimintheGazaarea,declaringthat“thefateofNetzarimisthefateofJerusalem.”Thedisengagementplanwasindeeddivisive.Failingtogainthesupportofseveralseniorministe
7、rs,SharonagreedthathispartywouldholdareferendumontheplaninadvanceofavotebytheIsraeliCabinet.Mostpollsshowedapproximately55percentofpartymemberssupportingtheplanbeforethereferendum,whichwasheldonMay2,2004.Intheend,morethan60percentofthevoterscasttheirbal
8、lotagainstthedisengagementplan.Sharonannouncedthatheacceptedthereferendumresultsandwouldtaketimetoconsiderhissteps.However,heandhisgovern-mentlargelyignoredtheresultsandapprovedanamendeddisen-gagementplanonJune6,2004.Theplanwasap