37. human rights in kantian mode a sketch 38. why there cannot be a truly kantian theory of human rights

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1、37HumanRightsinKantian ModeA SketchKatrinFlikschuhI.ReservationsaboutHuman RightsManylegalandpoliticaltheoriststhinktheideaofhumanrightsintuitiveandtheirmoralandpoliticalimportanceself-evident.Othersworrythattheconceptisbadlydelimitedandhumanrights’moralan

2、dpoliticalappealoverrated.Incurrenthumanrightsrelevantdebates,thelatterarethereservationsofadwindlingminor-ity.Philosophicaldiscussionsaboutglobalpovertyalleviation,aboutstatelegitimacy,aboutinternationallawandhumanitarianinterventionmakeubiquitousappealto

3、humanrights: theideaplaysanincreasinglycentralconceptualandjustificatoryroleintheseandrelateddebates.Ingeneral,recurrentappealtoasingleconceptassolventtoadiverserangeoftheo-reticalandpracticalproblemsshouldbetreatedwithcaution.Theincreasinglyroutineappealt

4、ohumanrightsinglobaljusticedebatesisparticularlydisconcertinggiventhatdebate’sacknowledgedstateoffluxfollowingnearlyfivehundredyearsofsophis-ticatedpoliticaltheorizingfirmlywithintheboundariesoftheself-containedterrito-rialstate.Underconditionsofsuchcompre

5、hensivechangeanduncertaintyappealtoall-too-readilyavailablepracticalortheoreticalremediesseemsill-advised.Theveryallureofhumanrightstheorizingherecounselscircumspectionwithregardtotheirpossibleillusionaryqualityasquickfixestocomplexglobalproblemsweconfront

6、.1Sincemybriefhereconcernshumanrights,I shallnotsimplysetthemaside.Still,everythingI sayhereshouldbereadinthelightofthereservationsjustnoted.I haveastrongsenseofmylackofgraspoftheconcept: wheneverI trytothinkit,I over-whelminglysensemyconfusion.Admittedly,

7、onecannoteasilycalltomindconcepts‘assuch’—inabstraction,thatis,fromtheirdiscursiveemploymentinsomecontext.Myconfusionintryingtothinktheconceptmaymerelyreflectmybewildermentoveritscurrentlyubiquitoususage.Still,insofarasaconcept’suseatleastpartlydeterminesi

8、tsmeaning,confusionaboutusemaybeindicativeofconfusionaboutmeaning.2FollowingHenryAllison’ssketchofKant’snotionofaconceptingeneral,Ishallherethinkofaconceptasconsistingof‘asetofmarks(themselvesconcepts),which1