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1、括号法解决长难句一、什么是“三长两短一并列”?例句1:我是Lilian。IamLilian.(主系表)例句2:我教英语。IteachEnglish.(主谓宾)例句3:我是来自重庆的Lilian。IamLilianfromChongqing.例句4:我在希来学园教英语。IteachEnglishatXilai.例句5:AfterchattingwithLauraonthismatterfortwohoursfrom2:00to4:00intheafternoon,Ireturnedtomyoffi
2、ce.(Afterchatting)(withLaura)(onthismatter)(fortwohours)(from2:00)(to4:00)(intheafternoon),Ireturned(tomyoffice).英语中主要的只有五种修饰成分,称为“三长两短”。它们是使句子变复杂的主要因素,再加上同样会使句子变复杂的“平行并列结构”,统称为“三长两短一并列”(1)句子主干部分:英语中的五大基本句型主语+谓语Icome.主语+谓语+宾语IlearnEnglish.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语
3、YouteachusEnglish.主语+谓语+宾语+补语Youmakemehappy.主语+系动词+表语Englishisinteresting.(2)句子修饰成分:“三长两短”“两短”:形容词、副词“三长”:介词短语、从句、非谓语(3)一并列——平行并列结构由“并列词”and/or/but/aswellas/notonly...but,also.../both...and.../either...or.../neither...nor等...,将两个或两个以上“含义相似,结构相同”的“并列项
4、”连接起来构成的结构。简记为“AandB”或“A,BandC”。二、用括号法解决长难句Step1.预处理给“三长”加括号,给“并列词”(and,or,but,aswellas等)加方框,给“并列项”(A和B)加下划线(1)标记介词短语时,要从介词开始到介词之后的第一个名词终止。(Afterchatting)(withLaura)(onthismatter)(fortwohours)(from2:00to4:00)(intheafternoon),Ireturned(tomyoffice).(2)
5、标记从句时,一定从关系词开始,到以下四种终止。①到句尾终止,如:Lilianisateacher(whoteachesEnglish).②到句中的逗号终止,如:(WhenIwasyoung),Ilistenedtotheradio.③到下一个修饰成分终止,如:IwillinviteYaoMing(whowasatopbasketballplayer)toBeijing.(toBeijing是介词短语,属于另一个修饰成分,故从句的标记在此处终止)④到下一个谓语动词终止,如YaoMing(whowa
6、satopbasketballplayer)isstudyinginShanghai.(3)标记非谓语动词短语时,一定是从动词不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)或分词(现在分词doing或过去分词done)开头,到以下四种情况终止。①到句尾终止,如:Lilianisateacher(teachingEnglish).②到句中的逗号终止,如:(ToimprovemyEnglish),IoftenlistentotheEnglishradio.③到下一个修饰成分终止,如:Jackwalkedi
7、ntothehall,(waving)totheaudience.(totheaudience是介词短语,属于另一修饰成分。)④到下一个谓语动词终止,如:We,(singingahappysong),rodetoschool.(4)标记平行并列结构原则上,只要是“含义相似,结构相同”的东西都能并列,所以英语句子中可以并列的东西有很多,读句子的时候要注意识别到底是谁跟谁并列。如:①名词并列:Iliketheboxplacedonthedeskandtheflowersinyourhand.②形容词
8、并列:Mr.Smithisakind,patientandknowledgeableEnglishteacher.③副词并列:Youaresupposedtoanswerthefollowingquestionsquicklyandaccurately.④谓语动词并列:WiththeInternet,wecannotonlyplaycomputergamesbutalsodoonlineshopping.⑤介词短语并列:Andthatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeop