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时间:2021-04-15
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1、Unit2Pharmacologyassesstheeffectofdifferentdosesontherapeuticeffectuseanimalmodelstoscreenchemicalswithanti-tumoractivitymeasureplasmahalflifeofadruginbodyevaluatetoxicityofacandidatedruginmendeterminetheminimuminhibitoryconcentrationofanantibioticevaluat
2、etheinhibitoryeffectofacandidatedrugonanenzymeHistory1.Pharmacologystudiestheeffectsofdrugsandhowtheyexerttheireffects.E.g.penicillinkillssusceptiblebacteriabyspecificallyinhibitingthetranspeptidase(转肽酶)thatcatalyzesthefinalstepincellwallbiosynthesis,thec
3、ross-linkingofpeptidoglycan(肽聚糖).E.g.acetylsalicylicacid(aspirin)Phospholipidsphospholipasearachidonicacid(花生四烯酸)cyclooxygenase(环氧化酶)prostaglandin(前列腺素)inflammationInhibittheactivityofCOXEnzymeinhibitor32.4%Transportproteininhibitor16.0%Receptoragonist9.1
4、%Receptorantagonist10.7%Drugsactingonionchannels9.1%DNA,RNA/ribosomeTypicallyadrugtargetisakeymoleculeinvolvedinaparticularmetabolicorsignalingpathwaythatisspecifictoadiseaseconditionorpathology,ortotheinfectivityorsurvivalofamicrobialpathogen.Asurveyin20
5、00indicatedthat:2.ImportantfiguresinthedevelopmentofpharmacologyFriedrichWohlerSynthesisofurea(尿素):organiccompoundscanbesynthesizedfrominorganicmaterialsOswaldSchmiedebergHisworkprimarilydealtwithfindingthecorrelationbetweenthechemicalstructureofsubstance
6、sandtheireffectiveness.athesisonthemeasurementofchloroform(氯仿)inbloodstudiedthepharmacologyofchloroformandchloralhydrate(水合氯醛)publicationofOutlineofPharmacologytrainedanumberofpreeminentscientistsJacobAbelfoundedandchairedthefirstdepartmentofpharmacologyi
7、ntheUnitedStatesattheUniversityofMichiganisolationofepinephrine(肾上腺素)fromadrenalglandisolationofhistamine(组胺)frompituitaryextractpreparationofcrystallineinsulin(胰岛素)WilliamWitheringdiscovererofdigitalis(洋地黄)forthetreatmentofcongestiveheartfailure(充血性心力衰竭)
8、DefinitionsPharmacologyhasbeendefinedasanexperimentalsciencethatstudieschangesbroughtaboutinvivoandinvitrobychemicallyactingsubstances,whetherusedfortherapeuticpurposeornot.Inthebroadestsense,pharmacologyisthescienc
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