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1、unitnine颞下颌关节疾病Subluxation.Subluxationreferstoaselfreducingderangementbetweenthecomponentsofajoint.Selfreduce自行使复位Derangement紊乱Whenreferringtothetemporo-mandibularjoint,thetermfrequentlyisusedtodescriblethesituationwhenthecondylemovesanteriortothearti
2、culareminenceduringopeningexcursion.Themainsymptomsarecrackle,painandlimitationofjaw.Thetreatmentisverycomplex.Condyle髁状突Articular关节的Eminence隆凸,隆起Excursion移动Crackle弹响Ankylosisofthetemporo-mandibularjoint.Ankylosiscanbedividedintotwocategories:falseank
3、ylosisandtrueankylosis.Falseankylosis:Falseankylosismaybeduetotrauma,suchasgunshotwounds,withorwithoutinvolvementofjawbone,inhealingofwhichtherehasbeenconsiderableformationofscartissueeitherinthemuscleorinthesofttissuesanywherebetweentheupperandlowerj
4、aws.Scartissu瘢痕组织Inflammationinthisareamaybefollowedbyorganizationofexudateandformationoffibroustissue.Falseankylosismaybeduetoscarsfollowingextensiveintraoralulceration,Exudate渗出物Ulceration溃疡theresultofnoma,scarletfeverorotheracuteexanthemas.Itisfreq
5、uentlyseenaftertreatmentofmalignantgrowthofthemouthbycautery,X-myandradium.Noma坏疽性口炎Scarletfever猩红热Exanthemas疹Cautery烧灼术Infalseankylosis,therestillnearlyalwaysbesomemovementpresent.Thecauseofthelimitationwillusuallybeevidentonexamination.Theamountofre
6、sistanceencounteredtoattempttoseparatethejawsshouldbetestedbymeansofwedgemouthgaginsertedbetweentheteeth.Bymeansof藉Wedge楔Mouthgag开口器Inmildcases,thisre-sistancemaybeslightandeasilyovercomebythemouthgag.Inothers,itmaybeimpossibletoproduceanyseparationbe
7、yondacertainmillimeters.Thescarmaybeseeninthemucosa,skinorbothofthecheek.Inthegunshotandnomacases,theremaybesometissuedefectonthelipandcheek,theteethareexposedtosight.Ifthescarislocatedbetweenthemaxillarytuberosityandmandibularramus,itcannotbeseenorpa
8、lpated.Mucosa粘膜Defect缺损Maxillarytuberosity上颌结节Mandibularramus下颌升支Palpate触诊Theextensivescarmayinvolvetheentiremucosaofthecheek;inthiscondition,theseparationofthemandibleisimpossible.Treatment.Thescarbandsshouldbecutordissectedout.Therawsurfacem
