最新The Spinal Column and Thorax - University of Minnesota Duluth：脊柱和胸廓-明尼苏达大学德卢斯教学讲义ppt.ppt

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1、TheSpinalColumnandThorax-UniversityofMinnesotaDuluth：脊柱和胸廓-明尼苏达大学德卢斯MainFunctionsSkullProtectbrainThoraxAbsorbforcesofimpactMuscleattachmentVertebralcolumnProvidesframeworkandfoundationformostmovementsofbodyandextremitiesMuscleattachmentProtectsspinalcor

2、dVertebralColumn7cervical12thoracic5lumbar5sacral4-5coccygealSacralandcoccygealarefusedFacetsDifferentorientationsallowfor:varieddegreesofmovementbetween2adjacentvertebraeChangeamountsoftension,compression,andshearforcesVertebralColumnStructureBodyofvert

3、ebraareloadbearingportionofvertebraLumbarregionbearsmoreloadthancervicalregionLumbarregionhaslargervertebraeCervicalVertebraeBodyismorerectangularshapedFacetsareflatandtiltedanteriorlyAxisandatlasdonotfollowbasicrulesThoracicVertebraeBodyhastriangularsha

4、peFacetsaresetoblique,andangletowardeachotherslightlyLumbarVertebraeBodyisrounderBeanshapedFacetsarealmostverticalandfaceeachotherIntervertebralDisksConsistsofannulusfibrosisandnucleuspulposusAnnulusfibrosisOutermostlayerisregularfibroustissueInnerportio

5、nisfibrocartilageConcentriclayersNucleusPulposusDistributesstressesbetweenvertebraeduringflexionandextensionLateralmovementsalsoForwardbending=backwardmovementBackwardbending=forwardmovementDiskDamageCompressionandshearofvertebraldiscsisassociatedwithLBP

6、3factorsthatincreaseshearandcompressionAmountofweightliftedDistanceheldfromthevertebralcolumnAmountoftrunkflexionusedwhenliftingLigamentsofVertebralColumnAnteriorlongitudinalligamentPosteriorlongitudinalligamentLigamentsofVertebralColumnSupraspinousligam

7、entInterspinousligamentLigamentsofVertebralColumnLigamentumflavumIntertransverseligamentLigamentsofVertebralColumnLigamentumnuchaeAtlantoaxialligamentTransverseligamentHangman’sligamentTransverseprocesstotransverseprocessofatlasMovementintheSpineMovement

8、betweenindividualvertebraeMovementofentireregionMovementofentirespineMovementsoftheSpineVertebralColumnStabilityWeakbonystabilityMoststabilityfromligamentsandmusclesMusclestabilizersAbdominalsPreventhyperextensionErectorsp