最新04关节学总论、中轴骨连结教学讲义PPT课件.ppt

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1、04关节学总论、中轴骨连结ClassificationTherearetwomajortypesofarticulationsorjoint.Continuousjoints直接连结1.Fibrousjoints纤维连结:bonesareunitedbyfibrousconnectivetissueSyndesmosis韧带连结Suture缝2.Cartilaginousjoints软骨连结:bonesareunitedbycartilageSynchondrosis透明软骨结合:bonesareuni

2、tedbyhyalinecartilageSymphysis纤维软骨联合:bonesareunitedbyfibrocartilage3.Synosteosis骨性结合Discontinuousjoints间接连结－synovialjoints滑膜关节Synovialjoints滑膜关节1.Basicstructures⑴Articularsurface关节面:coveredbyarticularcartilage关节软骨⑵Articularcapsule关节囊Fibrousmembrane纤维膜Syn

3、ovialmembrane滑膜⑶Articularcavity关节腔:containingsynovialfluid;negativepressureinitRotation旋转Medialandlateralrotation旋内和旋外Pronationandsupination旋前和旋后:在前臂旋内称为旋前，旋外称为旋后Circumduction环转Classificationofsynovialjoints关节的分类Uniaxialjoints单轴关节:hingejoints屈戍关节trochoid

4、(pivot)joints车轴关节Biaxialjoints双轴关节:ellipsoidjoints椭圆关节saddlejoints鞍状关节Multiaxialjoints多轴关节:ball-and-socketjoint球窝关节planejoints平面关节ArticulationsofBonesofTrunk躯干骨的连结Thevertebralcolumn脊柱Composition:consistsof24vertebrae,thesacrum,andthecoccyx.1.Jointsofthev

5、ertebralbodies椎体间的连结⑴Intervertebraldiscs椎间盘betweenbodiesofadjacentvertebrae,composedof:①Nucleuspulposus髓核,aninnersoft,gelatinous胶状的,highlyelasticstructure②Annulusfibrosus纤维环anouterfibrousringconsistingoffibrocartilage纤维软骨Heminationofnucleuspulposus髓核脱出⑵A

6、nteriorlongitudinalligament前纵韧带①Position:StrongbandcoveringtheanteriorpartofthevertebralbodiesandintervertebraldiscsrunningfromtheanteriormarginofforamenmagnumtotheS1~S2②function:preventshyperextensionofthevertebralcolumnandanteriorprotrusionofthediscs⑶P

7、osteriorlongitudinalligament后纵韧带①Position:AttachedtotheposterioraspectoftheintervertebraldiscsandposterioredgesofthevertebralbodiesfromC2vertebratosacralcanal.②function:Preventshyperflexionofthevertebralcolumn2.Jointsofthevertebralarches椎弓间的连结⑴Ligamentaf

8、lava黄韧带―①Position:unitelaminaeofadjacentvertebrae,andcompletetheposteriorwallofvertebralcanal②function:preventhyperflexionofthevertebralcolumn.⑵Interspinalligament棘间韧带⑶Supraspinalligament棘上韧带Ligamentumnuchae项韧带⑷Intertransv