最新关节学总论、中轴骨连结-药学医学精品资料.ppt

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1、最新关节学总论、中轴骨连结-药学医学精品资料目的和要求1．了解骨连结的分类。2．掌握关节的基本结构和辅助结构。3．了解关节的运动及分类。4．掌握脊柱的组成、椎骨间的连结、脊柱的整体观及其运动。5．了解肋与脊柱及胸骨的连结。掌握骨性胸廓的组成、胸廓上、下口的围成。6．了解颅骨连结的主要形式，掌握颞下颌关节的组成及运动。Section1ThegeneraldescriptionThebonesareconnectedtogetherbymeansoffibrousconnectivetissue,cartilag

2、inous软骨orosseous骨tissuesatdifferentpartsoftheirsurfaces,andsuchaconnectionarecalledthejointorarticulation.Thejointsarefunctionaljunctionsbetweenbones,theycanbeclassifiedintotwomaintypesaccordingtotheirjunctionformviz.,Continuousjoints直接连结andDiscontinuousjoi

3、nts间接连结.Up二、Discontinuousjoints间接连结ArticulationorSynovialjoints（一）Basicstructures1.Articularsurface关节面:coveredbyarticularcartilage.2.Articularcapsule关节囊FibrousmembraneSynovialmembrane3.Articularcavity关节腔:containingatraceofsynovialfluid;subatmosphericpressur

4、einit.Up(二)Accessorystructures1.Ligaments韧带:extra-andintracapsularligaments2.Articulardisc关节盘andarticularlabrum关节唇3.Synovialfold滑膜襞andsynovialbursa滑膜囊Up(三）Movementsofjoints关节运动1.Translation移动2.Flexionandextension屈和伸3.Adductionandabduction收和展4.Rotation旋转Medi

5、alandlateralrotation旋内和旋外Pronationandsupination旋前和旋后Inversionandeversion足内翻和足外翻5.Circumduction环转Up(四)Classificationofsynovialjoints关节的分类(自学）Uniaxialjoints单轴关节Biaxialjoints双轴关节Multiaxialjoints多轴关节Up关节学的研究和应用1.关节病的诊断和治疗2.人造关节和假肢的研制和开发3.智能机器人的开发和研制Section2Thej

6、ointoftheaxialbones中轴骨连结一、ArticulationsofBonesofTrunk躯干骨的连结UpThe24piecesofvertebrae,thesacrum,andthecoccyxarticulateonebyonetoformalongitudinalaxisofthetrunk—thevertebralcolumn.Up(一)vertebralcolumn脊柱Jointsofthevertebralbodies椎体间的连结Intervertebraldiscs椎间盘betw

7、eenbodiesofadjacentvertebrae,composedof:Nucleuspulposus髓核,aninnersoft,pulpy,highlyelasticstructure.Annulusfibrosus纤维环anouterfibrousringconsistingoffibrocartilage.UpHeminationofnucleuspulposus髓核脱出UpAnteriorlongitudinalligament前纵韧带Maintainsstabilityoftheinter

8、vertebraldiscandpreventshyperextensionofthevertebralcolumn.Posteriorlongitudinalligament后纵韧带Preventshyperflexionofthevertebralcolumnandposteriorprotrusionofthediscs.UpJointsofthevertebralarches椎弓间的连结Li