人体解剖学 关节学总论中轴骨连接课件

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1、ChaptertwoArthrology关节学down李静DepartmentofAnatomy1.掌握滑膜关节的基本结构、辅助结构及其运动和分类。2.掌握脊柱的组成及椎骨间的连结。3.掌握骨性胸廓的组成，胸廓上、下口的形态及围成。4.掌握颞下頜关节的组成、结构特点及运动。5.了解肋与脊柱及胸骨的连结。目的和要求Section1ThegeneraldescriptionThebonesareconnectedtogetherbymeansoffibrousconnectivetissue,cartilaginous软骨orosseous骨tissuesa

2、tdifferentpartsoftheirsurfaces,andsuchaconnectionarecalledthejointorarticulation.Thejointsarefunctionaljunctionsbetweenbones,theycanbeclassifiedintotwomaintypesaccordingtotheirjunctionformviz.：Ⅰ）Continuousjoints直接连结Ⅱ）Discontinuousjoints间接连结一、Continuousjoints直接连结（一）Fibrousjoints纤维

3、连结Bonesareunitedbyfibrousconnectivetissue.Syndesmosis韧带连结Suture缝（二）Cartilaginousjoints软骨连结Bonesareunitedbycartilage.Synchondrosis透明软骨结合Symphysis纤维软骨联合（三）Synosteosis骨性结合二、Articulation（关节）andSynovialjoints（滑膜关节）Basicstructures(基本构造)Articularsurface:coveredbyarticularcartilage（关节面）A

4、rticularcapsule（关节囊）FibrousmembraneSynovialmembraneArticularcavity:（关节腔）containingatraceofsynovialfluid;subatmosphericpressureinitAccessorystructures（辅助结构）Ligaments(lig.):（韧带）extra-andintracapsularligamentsArticulardiscandarticularlabrum（关节盘与唇）Synovialfoldandsynovialbursa（滑膜襞与滑膜囊

5、）FunctionMovementsofjoints关节运动Translation移动Flexionandextension屈和伸Adductionandabduction收和展Rotation旋转Medialandlateralrotation旋内和旋外Pronationandsupination旋前和旋后Inversionandeversion足内翻和足外翻Circumduction环转Classificationofsynovialjoints（Selfstudy）UniaxialjointsBiaxialjointsMultiaxialjoint

6、sJointlearningresearchandapplication关节学的研究和应用Diagnosisandtreatment诊断与与治疗ResearchandDevelopmentofArtificialjointsandArtificialLimb人造关节和假肢的研制和开发Section2Thejointoftheaxialbones中轴骨连结IncludejointsofthetrunksbonesandtheskullArticulationsofBonesofTrunk躯干骨的连结TheVertebralColumnTheThoracic

7、Cage(一)TheVertebralColumn脊柱Thevertebralcolumnconsistsof24vertebrae,thesacrum,andthecoccyx.ConjunctionofintervertebreaJiontsofthevertebralbodiesJiontsofthevertebralarchesCompositionJointsofthevertebralbodies椎体间的连结Intervertebraldiscs椎间盘Anteriorlongitudinalligament前纵韧带Posteriorlongi

8、tudinalligament后纵韧带Jointsofthevertebralb