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1、IndividualismversusCollectivism蒋璨李天祺王腾达张杰锁白雪DefiningandcontrastingindividualismandcollectivismIndividualismholdsthattheindividualistheprimaryunitofrealityandtheultimatestandardofvalue.Thisviewdoesnotdenythatsocietiesexistorthatpeoplebenefitfromlivinginthem,butitseessocietyasacollectionofindiv
2、iduals,notsomethingoverandabovethem.Collectivismholdsthatthegroup---thenation,thecommunity,theproletariat,therace,etc.---istheprimaryunitofrealityandtheultimatestandardofvalue.Thisviewdoesnotdenytherealityoftheindividual.Butultimately,collectivismholdsthatone'sidentityisdeterminedbythegroupso
3、neinteractswith,thatone'sidentityisconstitutedessentiallyofrelationshipswithothersIndividualismisthebeliefthatindividualpeopleinsocietyshouldhavetherighttomaketheirowndecisions,tomaintaintheirownideas,focusingonlittlethecommunitybenefit.Itemphasizestheindividualrightsandthefreedomcollectivism
4、isthebeliefthatacountry'sindustriesandservicesshouldbeownedandcontrolledbythestateorbyallthepeopleinacountry.Itputmoreattentiononthewholeandstatethatonlywhenthewholebenefitisachievedcantheindividualprofitberealized.Individualistsseepeopledealingprimarilywithreality;otherpeoplearejustoneaspect
5、ofreality.Collectivistsseepeopledealingprimarilywithotherpeople;realityisdealtwiththroughthemediatorofthegroup;thegroup,nottheindividual,iswhatdirectlyconfrontsreality.Collectivismholdsthattheneedsandgoalsoftheindividualaresubordinatetothoseofthelargergroupandshouldbesacrificedwhenthecollecti
6、vegoodsorequiresIndividualismholdsthattheindividualistheunitofachievement.Whilenotdenyingthatonepersoncanbuildontheachievementsofothers,individualismpointsoutthatachievementgoesbeyondwhathasalreadybeendone;itissomethingnewthatiscreatedbytheindividualCollectivism,ontheotherhand,holdsthatachiev
7、ementisaproductofsociety.Inthisview,anindividualisatemporaryspokesmanfortheunderlying,collectiveprocessofprogressChinaVSAmericaInchina,peopleoftentendtohighlightthecollectivestrength.Forinstance,theproverb“Twoheadsarebetterthanone”showsusthat
