跨文化交际--杨帆.ppt

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1、Chapter10:AcceptingDifferencesandAppreciatingSimilarities1.APhilosophyofChange跨文化交际哲学史变化的哲学Improvinginterculturalcommunicationispossible1)thebrainisanopensystem(大脑是开放的系统)Ourabilitytolearnandtochangeisindeedararegift.2)Wehavefreechoice（我们有选择的自由）Althoughmanycult

2、ureshaveastrongbeliefinfate,andotherslimitthechoicesavailabletotheirmembers,inmostinstancespeoplechoosewhattodoandwhatnottodo.eg:greetingastrangersmile,frown,glancedown2.PotentialProblemsinInterlecturalCommunication1)SeekingSimilarities共性寻求2)UncertaintyReductio

3、n有意降低不确定性3)DiversityofCommunicationPurposes交流目的的多样性4)StereotypingandPrejudice心理定势与偏见5)theMisuseofPower滥用权力6)CultureShock文化震荡7)Ethnocentrism民族自我中心主义SeekingSimilaritiesBirdsofafeatherflocktogether.物以类聚Mostofuspreferourownkindandavoidtheunfamiliar.Acultureoffersit

4、smemberspatternsthatareoftendissimilartothoseofpeoplefromothercultures.Thistendencyistheveryreasoninterpersonalbiaswasselectedasapotentialcommunicationproblem.UncertaintyReductionBergerandCalabresesummarizethistheory:whenstrangersmeet,theirprimaryconcernisoneof

5、uncertaintyreductionorincreasingpredictabilityaboutthebehaviorofboththemselvesandothersintheinteraction.1）Therearebehavioralquestionsthatdealwithhowyoushouldactduringaparticularsituationandwithspecificpeople.Shouldyoushakehandsorbow?2）Thereareaseriesofcognitive

6、questionsthatcanalsobringaboutfeelingsofuncertaintyandhamperpredicatbility.Howdoestheotherpersonviewtime?DiversityofCommunicationPurposesHowdiverseareculturesintheiruseofcommunication?1）manyculturesbelieveverbalexposionsdisruptthenaturalpeaceandharmonythatexist

7、sbetweenpeople,andthereforetheydonotenpolycommunicationtoexpresspersonalfeelings.eg:TotheChinese,interactionthatmanifestsdiscordoftencausesonetolose"face".2）thereareculturaldifferencesinhowmuchoneactuallymustexpresseg:High-contextculturesrelaymainlyonthephysica

8、lcontextand/ortherelationshipbetweenpeopleforimportantinformation.StereotypingandPrejudiceStereotypesareameansoforganizingourimagesintofixedandsimplecatergoriesthatweusetost