高中化学各类有机物之间的相互转化关系.docx

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1、各类有机物之间的相互转化关系高聚酯(40)CH2CH2CH2CH2(34)CH2OH(36)CHO(37)COOH(38)nBrBrCH2OHCHOCOOHCaC2(39)(6)(3)(35)(10)六元环状酯CH3(2)CH2CH2(7)CHCH(11)CH3(8)(12)(9)(13)(20)CH2CHCH2CH(1)(4)(5)n(33)ClClAgCu2O(25)(26)(32)(23)(24)CH3CH2BrCH3CH2OHCHCHOCOOHCH(22)(27)33(21)(19)(30)(28)(29)(31)CH3CH2OCH2CH3CH3C

2、H2ONaCH3COOCH2CH3CH3COONaCH3O2N(14)(15)COOHBrOHNO2(18)OHBrBrCH3NO2NO2ONa(16)(17)Br光照（1）CH3CH3+Br2CH3CH2Br+HBr催化剂（2）CH2＝CH2+H2△CH3CH3（3）CH2＝CH2+Br2CH2BrCH2Br（4）CH2＝CH2+HBrCH3CH2Br（5）CH2＝CH2+H2O浓H2SO4CH3CH2OH（6）nCH2＝CH2催化剂CH2CH2n催化剂（7）CH≡CH+H2△CH2＝CH2（8）CH≡CH+HCl催化剂CH2＝CHCl△nCH2CH

3、催化剂（9）CH2CHClnCl（10）CaC2+2H2OCH≡CH↑+Ca(OH)2（11）催化剂Br+HBr+Br2（12）+HO－NO2浓HSONO224+2△HO（13）+3H2催化剂△CH3CH3O2NNO2浓H2SO4（14）+3HO－NO2+3H2O△NO2CH3酸性KMnO4COOH（15）或酸性K2Cr2O7（16）2OH+2Na2ONa+H2↑OH+NaOHONa+H2OOH+Na2CO3ONa+NaHCO3（17）ONa+HClOH+NaClONa+CO2+H2OOH+NaHCO3OHOHBrBr（18）+3Br2↓+3HBrBr（

4、19）2CH322CH32ONa+H2↑CHOH+2NaCH浓H2SO4（20）CH3CH2OH1700CCH2＝CH2↑+H2O浓HSO4（21）C2H5－OH+HO－2H5－O－O25140C2252CH0CCH+H（22）CH32OH+HBr△322OCHCHCHBr+H催化剂CH2Br水CH2OH（23）2CH3CH2OH+O2△2CH3CHO+2H2O（34）CH2Br+2NaOH△CH2OH+2NaBr32OH+CuO△3CHO+Cu+H2O35）CH22Br+2NaOH乙醇2CHCHCH（BrCH△CH≡CH↑+2NaBr+2HO（24）2C

5、H催化剂CH2OHCHO32△3催化剂CHO+O2CHCOOH（36）CH2OH+O2CHO+2H2O△（25）CH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OH△CH3COONH4+2Ag↓CHO催化剂（37）+O2+3NH3+H2OCHO△（26）CH32△322CHO+2Cu(OH)CHCOOH+CuO↓+2HOCOOHCH2OH（27）CH32催化剂32OH（39）COOH+CH2OHCHO+H△CHCH（28）CH32H5浓H2SO43252COOHCH2OH△COOH+HOCCHCOOCH+HO（40）nCOOH+nCH2OH（29）CH3稀H2SO4252

6、OCH325OHCOOCH+H△COOH+CHOO（30）2CH3OCH232↑HOCCCOOH+2Na2CHCOONa+H2CH3COOH+Na2O2CH3COONa+H2OCHCOOH+NaOHCH3COONa+H2O32CH3COOH+Na2CO32CH3COONa+H2O+CO2↑CHCOOH+NaHCO3CH3COONa+H2O+CO2↑3（31）CH325△CH325OHCOOCH+NaOHCOONa+CHCOOHCHO催化剂CH2OHCOOH（38）CHO+2H2△CH2OHOO浓H2SO4CCH2+2H2O△CCH2OO浓H2SO4△CH

7、2OH+(2n－1)H2On水（32）CH3CH2Br+NaOH△CH3CH2OH+NaBr乙醇（33）CH3CH2Br+NaOH△CH2＝CH2↑+NaBr+H2O