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1、__________________________________________________TuYouyouForthediscoveryofartemisinin,adrugtherapyformalariathathassavedmillionsoflivesacrosstheglobe,especiallyinthedevelopingworld.The2011Lasker~DeBakeyClinicalMedicalResearchAwardhonorsascientistwhodiscoveredartemisininanditsutilityfo
2、rtreatingmalaria.TuYouyou(ChinaAcademyofChineseMedicalSciences,Beijing)developedatherapythathassavedmillionsoflivesacrosstheglobe,especiallyinthedevelopingworld.Anartemisinin-baseddrugcombinationisnowthestandardregimenformalaria,andtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)listsartemisininandrela
3、tedagentsinitscatalogof"EssentialMedicines."Eachyear,severalhundredmillionpeoplecontractmalaria.Withouttreatment,manymoreofthemwoulddiethandonow.TuledateamthattransformedanancientChinesehealingmethodintothemostpowerfulantimalarialmedicinecurrentlyavailable.Malariahasdevastatedhumansfor
4、millennia,anditcontinuestoravagecivilizationsacrosstheplanet.In2008,themosquito-borneparasitesthatcausetheillness,Plasmodia,infected247millionpeopleandcausedalmostonemilliondeaths.Theailmentstrikeschildrenparticularlyhard,especiallythoseinsub-SaharanAfrica.Itaffectsmorethan100countries
5、—includingthoseinAsia,LatinAmerica,theMiddleEast,partsofEurope—andtravelersfromeverywhere.Symptomsincludefever,headache,andvomiting;malariacanquicklybecomelife-threateningbydisruptingthebloodsupplytovitalorgans.Earlydiagnosisandtreatmentreducesdiseaseincidence,preventsdeaths,andcutstra
6、nsmission.Inthelate1950s,theWHOembarkedonanambitiousprojecttoeradicatemalaria.Afterlimitedsuccess,thediseasereboundedinmanyplaces,dueinparttotheemergenceofparasitesthatresisteddrugssuchaschloroquinethathadpreviouslyheldthemaladyatbay.AtthebeginningoftheChineseCulturalRevolution,theChin
7、esegovernmentlaunchedasecretmilitaryprojectthataimedtodevisearemedyforthedeadlyscourge.Chinawasparticularlymotivatedtoprevailovermalarianotonlybecauseitwasasignificantproblemathome,butalsobecausetheVietnamesegovernmenthadaskedforhelp.Itwasatwarandtheafflictionwasdevastatingitscivilia
