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1、TuYouyouForthediscoveryofartemisinin,adrugtherapyformalariathathassavedmillionsoflivesacrosstheglobe,especiallyinthedevelopingworld.The2011Lasker~DeBakeyClinicalMedicalResearchAwardhonorsascientistwhodiscoveredartemisininanditsutilityfortreatingmalaria.TuYouyou(ChinaAcade
2、myofChineseMedicalSciences,Beijing)developedatherapythathassavedmillionsoflivesacrosstheglobe,especiallyinthedevelopingworld.Anartemisinin-baseddrugcombinationisnowthestandardregimenformalaria,andtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)listsartemisininandrelatedagentsinitscatalogo
3、f"EssentialMedicines."Eachyear,severalhundredmillionpeoplecontractmalaria.Withouttreatment,manymoreofthemwoulddiethandonow.TuledateamthattransformedanancientChinesehealingmethodintothemostpowerfulantimalarialmedicinecurrentlyavailable.Malariahasdevastatedhumansformillenni
4、a,anditcontinuestoravagecivilizationsacrosstheplanet.In2008,themosquito-borneparasitesthatcausetheillness,Plasmodia,infected247millionpeopleandcausedalmostonemilliondeaths.Theailmentstrikeschildrenparticularlyhard,especiallythoseinsub-SaharanAfrica.Itaffectsmorethan100cou
5、ntries—includingthoseinAsia,LatinAmerica,theMiddleEast,partsofEurope—andtravelersfromeverywhere.Symptomsincludefever,headache,andvomiting;malariacanquicklybecomelife-threateningbydisruptingthebloodsupplytovitalorgans.Earlydiagnosisandtreatmentreducesdiseaseincidence,preve
6、ntsdeaths,andcutstransmission.Inthelate1950s,theWHOembarkedonanambitiousprojecttoeradicatemalaria.Afterlimitedsuccess,thediseasereboundedinmanyplaces,dueinparttotheemergenceofparasitesthatresisteddrugssuchaschloroquinethathadpreviouslyheldthemaladyatbay.Atthebeginningofth
7、eChineseCulturalRevolution,theChinesegovernmentlaunchedasecretmilitaryprojectthataimedtodevisearemedyforthedeadlyscourge.Chinawasparticularlymotivatedtoprevailovermalarianotonlybecauseitwasasignificantproblemathome,butalsobecausetheVietnamesegovernmenthadaskedforhelp.Itwa
8、satwarandtheafflictionwasdevastatingitscivilianandmilitarypopulations.Thecovertoperation,namedPr
