chap006 运营管理

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1、ChapterSixProcess-FlowAnalysisOperationsManagementContemporaryConceptsandCases5/eOutlineofChapter6ProcessThinkingTheProcessViewofBusinessMeasuringProcessFlowsMeasuringProcessFlowsatPizzaU.S.A.ProcessFlowchartingProcess-FlowAnalysisasAskingQuestionsBusinessProcessReeng

2、ineering(BPR)ProcessThinkingProcessThinking:allworkcanbeseenasaprocessDefinitionofa“system”Whole>sumofpartsApplicationofsystemsthinkingtobusinessesDefiningsystemboundariesRoleof“cross-functional”teamsinsystemsanalysisSystemsthinkingrequirescross-functionalteamstoinclu

3、deallaffectedfunctionsFigure6.1:ProcessViewofBusinessMeasuringProcessFlowsLittle’sLawRelatesnumberofitemsinthesystemtoarrivalrateandlengthoftimeinthesystemFormula:I=TxRI=averagenumberofthingsinthesystemT=averagethroughputtimeR=averageflowrateintotheprocessAssumessyste

4、misina‘steadystate’ApplicationsofLittle’sLawManufacturingWaitinglinesInvoiceprocessingLegalofficetransactionsAccountsreceivableprocessingEtc.MeasuringProcessFlowsCapacityofasystem=capacityofthemostconstrainingresourceThisresourceiscalleda‘bottleneck.’Theflowrateofapro

5、cessistheminimumof:SupplyDemandCapacityProcessFlowchartingProcessFlowcharting:creationofavisualdiagramtodescribeatransformationprocessAlsoknownas:ProcessmappingFlow-processchartingServiceblueprintingValuestreammappingProcessFlowchartingPurpose:todescribeaprocessvisual

6、lytofindwaysofimprovingthecurrentprocess.FindrepetitiveoperationsIdentifybottlenecksDescribedirectionsanddistancesofflows(people,materialandinformation)ReducewasteRequiredforcertificationssuchasISO9000ProcessFlowAnalysisMightChange:RawmaterialsProduct(output)designJob

7、designProcessingstepsusedManagementcontrolinformationEquipmentortoolsSuppliersi.e.Anythingbutcustomersmaybechanged!!StepsinprocessflowchartanalysisusingthesystemsapproachSelectaprocesstostudyFormateamtoanalyze&improvethesystemSpecifytheboundariesofthetransformationpr

8、ocessIdentifyandsequencetheoperationalstepsIdentifytheperformancemetricsDrawtheflowchartSymbolsforFlow-ProcessChartOperation