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1、Chapter5EnglishLiteratureofthe18thCentury一.HistoricalbackgroundPolitics:Afterthetempestuouseventsofthe17thcentury,Englandenteredaperiodofcomparativelypeacefuldevelopment,andbecameaconstitutionalmonarchy.Economy:IndustrialRevolution.Aunprecedentedtechnicalinnovationswhichequippedindustryw
2、ithsteam,andnewtools,rapidgrowthofindustryandcommerceinfluencethewayofsociallifeasawhole.Newsocialclass:endingofEnclosureMovement（圈地运动）leadstolandlessfarmersgoingtothecitiesandbecomingworkerswhoownednothingbutlaborandhadtoworklonghoursforlowwages,andtheybecametheindustrialproletariat(无产阶
3、级).Culture：The18centurymarkedthebeginningofanintellectualmovementinEurope,knownastheEnlightenment(启蒙运动),whichwasanexpressionofstruggleofthebourgeoisieagainstfeudalism.Theenlightenersfoughtagainstclassinequality,stagnation,prejudicesandothersurvivalsoffeudalism.Theyattemptedtoplaceallbran
4、chesofscienceattheserviceofmankindbyconnectingthemwiththeactualneedsandrequirementsofpeople.TherepresentativesoftheEnlightenmentinEnglishliteraturewereJosephAddisonandRichardSteele,theessayistsandAlexanderPope,thepoet.IntheirworkstheycriticizedalldifferentaspectsofcontemporaryEngland,dis
5、cussedsocialproblems,andeventoucheduponmoralityandprivatelife.Theyintendedtoreformsociallifeaccordingtoamorereasonableprinciple,andtheprincipleisforbourgeoisinterests.二.Theliteraryoverview.(1)TheEnlightenment.(2)TheriseofEnglishnovels.theMiddleAges——longromanticnarrativepoems,theElizabet
6、hanage——dramastheRestorationandRestoration——didactic(说教)andsatiricalversethe18thcentury——novels(3)Neo-classicism:arevivalintheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturiesofclassicalstandardsoforder,balance,andharmonyinliterature.JohnDrydenandAlexanderPopeweremajorexponentsoftheneo-classicalschool.(
7、4)Satiricliterature.(5)SentimentalismNeo-classicism:Addison,SteelandPopebelongtotheschoolofclassicism.Theclassicistsmodelled(模仿)themselvesonGreekandLatinauthors,andtriedtocontrolliterarycreationbysomefixedlawsandrulesdrawnfromGreekandLatinworks.Theywrotefortherisingbourge
