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1、英国文学史与选读讲座课件汤富华2004年3月通过作品找意境，通过中西文学对比，让文学课升华至文化课，让我们的学生成为自己的主人。EarlyandMedievalEnglishLiteratureGeoffreyChaucer,thefounderofEnglishpoetry,wasborn,about1340,inLondon.Hewasthesonofawinemerchantwhohadconnectionswiththecourt.FrancisBacon“OfStudies”ToberecitedCo
2、mparedwith《劝学篇》Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight,isinprivatenessandretiring,forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgmentanddispositionofbusiness.Fordifferentexpertmancanexecute,andperhapsjudgeofparticulars,on
3、ebyone;Butthegeneralcoursesandtheplotsandmarshallingofaffaires,comebestfromthosethatarelearned.Tospendtoomuchtimeonstudyissloth,tousethemtoomuchforornament,isaffectation,tomakejudgmentonlybytheirrules,isthehumorofascholar.Theyperfectnatureandareperfectedbyex
4、perience,fornatureabilitiesarelikenatureplants,thatneedtobepruningbystudy,andstudiesthemselvesdogiveforthdirectionstoomuchatlarge.OfStudies君子曰：学不可以已。青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝；冰，水为之，而寒于水。木直中绳，揉以为轮，其曲中规，虽有槁暴，不复挺者，輮使之然也。故木受绳则直，金就砾则利。君子博学而日参省乎己，则知明而行无过矣。吾尝终日而思矣，不如须臾之所学也。吾尝跂而望
5、矣，不如登高之博见也。登高而招，臂非加长也，而见者远。顺风而呼，声非加疾也，而闻者彰。假舆马者，非利足也，而致千里。假舟辑者，非能水也，而绝江河。君子生非异也，善假于物也。积土成山，风雨兴焉。积水成渊，蛟龙生焉。积善成德，而神明自得，圣心备焉。故不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。骐骥一跃，不能十步；驽马十驾，功在不舍。锲而舍之，朽木不折；锲而不舍，金石可镂。蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强，上食埃土，下饮黄泉，用心一也。蟹六跪而二螯，非蛇蟺之穴无可寄托者，用心躁也。荀子·劝学ThomasMore(1478-15
6、35)Hewasborninamiddle-classfamily.hisfatherwasaprominentlawyer,andlaterajudge.Ascholarbynature,hebecamealawyer.QuiteearlyhewaselectedtoParliamentandheactedasthespokesmanofLondonmerchantswhowereoneoftheprincipalstaysoftheTudormonarchy.DanielDefoe:1660-1731Son
7、ofJamesandMaryFoe,amerchantfamilycommittedtoPuritanism(Presbyterians)SoundeducationatMorton’sAcademy.OnlyAnglicanscouldgraduatefromOxfordorCambridge.1684:MarriesMaryTuffley,anheiresswith3,700ayear.FoughtbrieflyintheDukeofMonmouth’srebellionagainstJamesII.Ban
8、kruptcyanddebtturnedhimtowardswriting.1701:writes“TheTrueBornEnglishman”1703:Pilloriedforwriting“TheShortestWaywithDissenters.”Defoe’sRobinsonCrusoe1719:FirstvolumeofRobinsonCrusoe.Ahitwithlower
