西方文化导论.docx

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1、西方文化GreekCulture1.AwarwasfoughtbetweenGreeceandTroy:1200BC2.MarkedthehighpointofdevelopmentinGreekcultureinthe5thB.C:(1)ThesuccessfulrepulseofthePersianinvasionearlyinthe5thcenturyB.C.(2)Theestablishmentofdemocracyand(3)Theflourishingofscience,philosophy,literature,artandhistoricalwri

2、tinginAthensRomanculture1.与Greek相同之处：1.TheRomanshadalotincommonwithGreeks(P13)2.Boththe….3.4.52.Architecture:Thepantheon,PontduGard,TheColosseum1.PatheonisthebestpreservedRomantemple.2.PontduGardisanexceptionallywell-preservedaqueduct(P16-17)3.Colosseumisanenormousamphitheatre.Thebibl

3、eandChristianity1.ChristianityisthemostinfluentialintheWest.2.JudaismandChristianity的关系(P17)（1）ItwastheJewishtraditionwhichgavebirthtoChristianity（2）BothJudaismandChristianityoriginatedinPalestine3.TheoldTestament:(1)TheoldTestament+theNewTestament=TheBible(P18)(2)TheOldTestamentisabo

4、utGodandtheLawsofGod(3)TheNewTestamentisthedoctrineofJesusChristThemiddleAgesgeneralintroduction1.ThemiddleAges年份,A.D476-1453(P28)2.InA.D.476GermanicgeneralkilledthelastRomanemperorandtookcontrol3.EasternRomanEmpirecontinued,thepowerofancientRomewasgone4.AgreatmanyGermanickingdomsgrow

5、intoEngland,France,Spain,ItalyandGermany.5.In5thand11thcenturies,westernEuropewasfrequentwarsandinvasions.WhyistheMAcalled“AgeofFaith”(p29)1.DuringtheMedievalTimestherewasnocentralgovernmenttokeeporder.TheonlyorganizationwastheChristianchurch1.IntheLateMiddleAges,almosteveryoneinWeste

6、rnEuropeisChristianandamember…2.Christian掌权政治法律。。。Itshapedpeople’slivesThecrusades1.ImportanteffectofThecrusades:(P31)(1)AlthoughtheCrusadesdidnotachievetheirgoaltoregaintheHolyland,theyhadanimportanteffect…AndtheygreatlyinfluencedthehistoryofEurope(2)…Helpedtobreakdownfeudalismwhich,

7、inturnledtoriseofthemonarchies.(3)…Theirdesireforwealthorpowerbegantoovershadowtheirreligiousideals…(4)Resultedinrenewingpeople’sinterestinlearningandinvention….AndtheriseoftownsandtradeinwesternEuropepavedthewayforthegrowthofstrongnationalgovernment.ArtandArchitectureRomanesque(罗马式建筑

8、)(P36