现代语言学——自考本科00830上课讲义.pptx

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1、ModernLinguistics作者：睿智婉心TableofContentChapter1IntroductionChapter6PragmaticsChapter2PhonologyChapter7HistoricalLinguisticsChapter3MorphologyChapter8SociolinguisticsChapter4syntaxChapter9PsycholinguisticsChapter5SemanticsChapter10LanguageAcquisitionChapter1——1Whatislin

2、guistics?Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.Itstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage,butlanguagesingeneral.Chapter1——1ThescopeoflinguisticsThestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledgenerallinguistics.普通语言学Thestudyofsounds,whichareusedinlinguisticcommuni

3、cation,iscalledphonetics.语音学Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.音系学Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsarecalledmorphology.形态学Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax.句法学Thestudyofmea

4、ninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.语义学Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.语用学Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalledsocio-linguistics.社会语言学Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingofmindiscalledpsycho-linguistics.语言心理学Thestudyofapplications(asthe

5、recoveryofspeechability)isgenerallyknownasappliedlinguistics.（应用语言学）Butinanarrowsense,appliedlinguisticsreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguage.Otherrelatedbranchesincludeanth

6、ropologicallinguistics,（人类语言学）neurologicallinguistics,（神经语言学）mathematicallinguistics,（数字语言学）andcomputationallinguistics.（计算机语言学）Chapter1——1SomeimportantdistinctionsinlinguisticsPrescriptiveanddescriptiveIfalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyus

7、e,itissaidtobedescriptive,ifitaimstolaydownrulestotellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay,itissaidtobeprescriptive.Modernlinguisticsdiffersfromtraditionalgrammar.Traditionalgrammarisprescriptivewhilemodernlinguisticsisdescriptive.Thetaskoflinguistsissuppose

8、dtodescribethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,whetheritis“correct”ornot.Chapter1——1SomeimportantdistinctionsinlinguisticsSynchroni