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1、ChapterTwoProcessofTranslation(2)lexical,phraseological,syntactic,andpragmatictransferoftheSTintotheTTenvironment,withthetranslatorhavinginmindtheneedtoachievefunctionalequivalence;andWilssdeclaresinhisbook”KnowledgeandSkillsinTranslatorBehavior”:“Translatorperformancecan
2、beseenasthemanifestationofaninformation-performancedeviceconsistingof(1)lexical,phraseological,syntactic,andpragmaticprocessingofthetextualinput;”(1)Comprehensionofsourcetext:(a)parsing(理解，解析)oftext(grammarandlexis)(b)accesstospecialisedknowledge(c)accesstointendedmeaning
3、(2)Transferofmeaning(a)relayinglexicalmeaning(b)relayinggrammaticalmeaning(c)relayingrhetoricalmeaning,includingimpliedorinferrablemeaning,forpotentialreaders.(3)Assessmentoftargettext:(a)readability(b)conformingtogenericanddiscoursalconventions(c)judgingadequacyoftransla
4、tionforspecifiedpurpose.”(2001:21)Nida’sLinguisticViewTheprocessoftranslationisaverycomplexone.Nidathinksthat“Theprocessoftranslatingisalwaysamatterofchoosingthebestorthebetterrenderingfromvariousalternatives”(翻译过程是不断从各种不同译文中选择最佳或较佳译文的过程。)Nida’sModelreflectsthetranslation
5、theorieswithscientificapproach.Themodelisbasedonthehypothesisthat:…acarefulanalysisofwhatgoesonintheprocessoftranslating…hasshownthat,insteadofgoingdirectlyfromonesetofsurfacestructuretoanother,thecompetenttranslatoractuallygoesthroughaseeminglyroundaboutprocessofanalysis
6、,transfer,andrestructuring.(Nida,1969:484)TheFour-phaseProcessinTranslatingThefourbasicprocessesintranslatingconsistof(1)analysisofthesourcetext,(2)transferfromsourcetotargetlanguage,(3)restructuringinthetargetlanguage,and(4)testingofthetranslatedtextwithpersonswhoreprese
7、nttheintededaudience.(Nida1999:146).Intheaboveprocesses,thetranslatorshouldtakeintoconsiderationanumbersofissues,suchas:(1)Thespecificrequirementsoftheclientortheuser;(2)Thepurposeandtheuseofthetranslation;(3)Thefunctionofthetext;(4)Theintendedreaders.ProcessesofTranslati
8、on美国著名翻译理论研究专家尤金•奈达(EugeneNida)的观点是翻译的本质是两种语言之间的信息转换，这种转换既是文化交流的过程，又是语言再创造的过程，这一过程犹如一环扣一环的思维过程，他
