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1、Physicists'modelproposesevolutionaryroleforcancerStressedcellscouldbecomecancerousasa'safemode',pointingtooxygenandimmunotherapyarethebestwaystobeatthedisease.·ZeeyaMerali02October2014ArticletoolsRights&PermissionsAnarticlebyScientificAmerican.USNationalCancerIn
2、stituteCouldcancerbeourcells’wayofrunningin‘safemode’,likeadamagedcomputeroperatingsystemtryingtopreserveitself,whenfacedwithanexternalthreat?That’stheconclusionreachedbycosmologistPaulDaviesatArizonaStateUniversityinTempeandhiscolleagues,whohavedevisedacontrove
3、rsialnewtheoryforcancer’sorigins,basedonitsevolutionaryroots.Ifcorrect,theirmodelsuggeststhatanumberofalternativetherapies,includingtreatmentwithoxygenandinfectionwithviralorbacterialagents,couldbeparticularlyeffective.Atfirstglance,Davies,whoistrainedinphysicsr
4、atherthanbiomedicalscience,seemsanunlikelysoldierinthe‘waroncancer’.ButaboutsevenyearsagohewasinvitedtosetupanewinstituteatArizonaState—oneof12fundedbytheUSNationalCancerInstitute—tobringtogetherphysicalscientistsandoncologiststofindanewperspectiveonthedisease.“
5、Wewereaskedtorethinkcancerfromthebottomup,”Daviessays.DaviesteamedupwithCharleyLineweaver,anastrobiologistatTheAustralianNationalUniversityinCanberra,andMarkVincent,anoncologistattheLondonHealthSciencesCenterinOntario.Togethertheyhavecomeupwithan‘atavistic’model
6、positingcanceristhere-expressionofanancient“preprogrammed”traitthathasbeenlyingdormant.Inanewpaper,whichappearedinBioEssaysinSeptember1,theyarguethatbecausecancerappearsinmanyanimalsandplants,aswellashumans,thenitmusthaveevolvedhundredsofmillionsofyearsagowhenwe
7、sharedacommonsingle-celledancestor.Atthattime,cellsbenefitedfromimmortality,ortheabilitytoproliferateunchecked,ascancerdoes.Whencomplexmulticellularorganismsdeveloped,however,“immortalitywasoutsourcedtotheeggsandsperm,”Daviessays,andsomaticcells(thosenotinvolved
8、inreproduction)nolongerneededthisfunction.Theteam’shypothesisisthatwhenfacedwithanenvironmentalthreattothehealthofacell—radiation,say,oralifestylefactor—cellscanrever
