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1、胡壮麟《语言学教程》课后答案胡壮麟《语言学教程》课后答案1. Designfeature:arefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguages,suchasarbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,culturaltransmission,etc.2.Function:theuseoflanguagetocommunicate,tothink,etc.Languagefunctionsinclucleimformativefunction,inter
2、personalfunction,performativefunction,interpersonalfunction,performativefunction,emotivefunction,phaticcommunion,recreationalfunctionandmetalingualfunction.3. etic:atermincontrastwithemicwhichoriginatesfromAmericanlinguistPike’sdistinctionofphoneticsandphonemics.B
3、eingeticmansmakingfartoomany,aswellasbehaviouslyinconsequential,differentiations,justaswasofterthecasewithphoneticvx.phonemicanalysisinlinguisticsproper.4. emic:atermincontrastwitheticwhichoriginatesfromAmericanlinguistPike’sdistinctionofphoneticsandphonemics.Anem
4、icsetofspeechactsandeventsmustbeonethatisvalidatedasmeaningfulviafinalresourcetothenativemembersofaspeechcommunithratherthanviaqppealtotheinvestigator’singenuithorintuitionalone.5. synchronic:akindofdescriptionwhichtakesafixedinstant(usually,butnotnecessarily,thep
5、resent),asitspointofobservation.Mostgrammarsareofthiskind.6.diachronic:studyofalanguageiscarriedthroughthecourseofitshistory.7. prescriptive:thestudyofalanguageiscarriedthroughthecourseofitshistory.8. prescriptive:akindoflinguisticstudyinwhichthingsareprescribedho
6、woughttobe,i.e.layingdownrulesforlanguageuse.9. descriptive:akindoflinguisticstudyinwhichthingsarejustdescribed.10. arbitrariness:onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothefacethattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.11. duality:o
7、nedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofarecomposedofelementsofthesecondary.levelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.12. displacement:onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichmeanshumanlanguageenabletheiruserstosymb
8、olizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresentcintimeandspace,atthemomentofcommunication.13. phaticcommunion:onefunctionofhumanlanguage,whichreferstot
