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1、胡壮麟语言学教程课后参考答案Definethefollowingterms:1.designfeature:arefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguages,suchasarbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,culturaltransmission,etc.2.function:theuseoflanguagetoommunicate,tothink,etc.anguagefunctionsinclucleimformativefunction,interper
2、sonalfunction,performativefunction,interpersonalfunction,performativefunction,emotivefunction,phaticcommunion,recreationalfunctionandmetalingualfunction.3.etic:atermincontrastwithemicwhichoriginatesfromAmericanlinguistPike’sdistinctionofphoneticsandphonemics.Beingeticmansma
3、kingfartoomany,aswellasbehaviouslyinconsequential,differentiations,justaswasofterthecasewithphoneticvx.phonemicanalysisinlinguisticsproper.4.emic:atermincontrastwitheticwhichoriginatesfromAmericanlinguistPike’sdistinctionofphoneticsandphonemics.Anemicsetofspeechactsandevent
4、smustbeonethatisvalidatedasmeaningfulviafinalresourcetothenativemembersofaspeechcommunithratherthanviaqppealtotheinvestigator’singenuithorintuitionalone.5.synchronic:akindofdescriptionwhichtakesafixedinstant(usually,butnotnecessarily,thepresent),asitspointofobservation.Most
5、grammarsareofthiskind.6.diachronic:studyofalanguageiscarriedthroughthecourseofitshistory.7.prescriptive:thestudyofalanguageiscarriedthroughthecourseofitshistory.8.prescriptive:akindoflinguisticstudyinwhichthingsareprescribedhowoughttobe,i.e.layingdownrulesforlanguageuse.9.d
6、escriptive:akindoflinguisticstudyinwhichthingsarejustdescribed.10.arbitrariness:onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothefacethattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.11.duality:onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothepropertyofhavi
7、ngtwolevelsofarecomposedofelementsofthesecondary.levelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.12.displacement:onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichmeanshumanlanguageenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresentcintimeandspace,atthemom
8、entofcommunication.13.phaticcommunion:onefunctionofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothes
