胡壮麟_语言学_课后题

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1、胡壮麟语言学复习及答案ChapterI  IntroductionIV.Definethefollowingterms:41.Linguistics     42.Phonology    43.Syntax      44.Pragmatics    45.Psycholinguistics   46.Language 47.Phonetics  48.Morphology  49.Semantics    50.Sociolinguistics    51.AppliedLinguistics52.Arbitrariness  53

2、Productivity  54.Displacement      55.Duality        56.DesignFeatures57.Competence  58Performance    59.Langue        60ParoleV.Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible.Giveexamples forillustrationifnecessary:61.Languageisgenerallydefinedasasystemofarbitra

3、ryvocalsymbolsusedfor  humancommunication.Explainitindetail.62.Whatarethedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?Illustratethemwithexamples.63.Howismodernlinguisticsdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar?64.Howdoyouunderstandthedistinctionbetweenasynchronicstudyandadiachronicstudy?65.Why

4、doesmodernlinguisticsregardthespokenformoflanguageasprimary,notthewritten?66.Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenlangueandparole?67.Howdoyouunderstandcompetenceandperformance?68.Saussure’sdistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleseemssimilartoChomsky’sdistinctionbetweencompetencea

5、ndperformance.Whatdoyouthinkaretheirmajordifferences?69.Doyouthinkhumanlanguageisentirelyarbitrary?Why?IV.Definethefollowingterms:41.  Linguistics:Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.42.  Phonology:Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommuni

6、cationiscalledphonology.43.  Syntax:Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax..44.  Pragmatics:Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.3345.  Psycholinguistics:Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingsofmindiscalledpsycholinguist

7、ics.46.  Language:Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.47.  Phonetics:Thestudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticcommunicationiscalledphonetics.48.  Morphology:Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.49.  Semanti

8、cs:Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.50.  Sociolinguistics:Thestudyoflanguagewithreferenceto