资源描述：
《语言学教程(胡壮麟)课后题terms及答案.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、1. designfeatures:refertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethattellthedifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanysystemofanimalcommunication.Theyarefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguages,suchasarbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,culturaltransmission,etc.2. function:theuseoflanguagetoc
2、ommunicate,tothink,etc.Languagefunctionsincludeinformativefunction,interpersonalfunction,performativefunction,emotivefunction,phaticcommunion,recreationalfunctionandmetalingualfunction.3. etic:atermincontrastwithemicwhichoriginatesfromAmericanlinguistPike’sdistinctionofphoneticsandphonemi
3、cs.Beingeticmeansmakingfartoomany,aswellasbehaviorallyinconsequential,differentiations,justaswasoftenthecasewithphoneticvs.phonemicanalysisinlinguisticsproper.4. emic:atermincontrastwitheticwhichoriginatesfromAmericanlinguistPike’sdistinctionofphoneticsandphonemics.Anemicsetofspeechactsan
4、deventsmustbeonethatisvalidatedasmeaningfulviafinalresourcetothenativemembersofaspeechcommunityratherthanviaappealtotheinvestigator’singenuityorintuitionalone.5. synchronic:akindofdescriptionwhichtakesafixedinstant(usually,butnotnecessarily,thepresent),asitspointofobservation.Mostgrammars
5、areofthiskind.6. diachronic:thestudyofalanguagewhichiscarriedthroughthecourseofitshistory.7. prescriptive:akindoflinguisticstudyinwhichthingsareprescribedhowoughttobe,i.e.layingdownrulesforlanguageuse.8. descriptive:akindoflinguisticstudyinwhichthingsarejustdescribed.9. arbitrarines
6、s:onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothefacethattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.10. duality:onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofarecomposedofelementsofthesecondary.levelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprincipl
7、esoforganization.11. displacement:onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichmeanshumanlanguageenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresentcintimeandspace,atthemomentofcommunication.12. phaticcommunion:onefunctionofhumanlanguage,w
