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1、FundamentalsofManufacturingAccuracyManufacturingcanbedefinedasthetransformationofrawmaterialsintousefulproductsthroughtheuseoftheeasiestandleast-expensivemethods.Itisnotenough,therefore,toprocesssomerawmaterialsandobtainthedesiredproduct.Itis,infact,ofmajorimportancetoachievethatgoalthroughemploy
2、ingtheeasiest,fastest,andmostefficientmethods.Iflessefficienttechniquesareused,theproductioncostofthemanufacturedpartwillbehigh,andthepartwillnotbeascompetitiveassimilarpartsproducedbyothermanufacturers.Also,theproductiontimeshouldbeasshortaspossibletoenablecapturingalargermarketshare.Modernindus
3、triescanbeclassifiedindifferentways.Thereincludeclassificationbyprocess,classificationbyproduct,andclassificationbasedontheproductionvolumeandthediversityofproducts.Theclassificationbyprocessisexemplifiedbycastingindustries,stampingindustries,andthelike.Whenclassifyingbyproduct,industriesmaybelon
4、gtotheautomotive,aerospace,andelectronicsgroups.Thethirdmethod,i.e.,classificationbasedonproductionvolume,identifiesthreemaindistincttypesofproduction,mass,jobshop,andmoderate.Letusbrieflydiscussthefeaturesandcharacteristicsofeachtype.Massproductionischaracterizedbythehighproductionvolumeofthesam
5、e(orverysimilar)partsforaprolongedperiodoftime.Anannual7productionvolumeoflessthan50000piecescannotcertainlybeconsideredasmassproduction.Asyoumayexpect,theproductionvolumeisbaseduponanestablishedoranticipatedsalesvolumeandisnotdirectlyaffectedbythedailyormonthlyorders.Thetypicalexampleofmass-prod
6、ucedgoodsisautomobiles.Job-shopproductionisbasedonsalesordersforavarietyofsmalllots.Eachlotmayconsistof20upto200ormoresimilarparts,dependinguponthecustomers`needs.Itisobviousthatthistypeofproductionismostsuitableforsubcontractorswhoproducevaryingcomponentstosupplyvariousindustries.Themachinesempl
7、oyedmustbeflexibletohandlevariationsintheconfigurationoftheorderedcomponents,whichareusuallyfrequent.Also,theemployedpersonnelmustbehighlyskilledinordertohandleavarietyoftasks,whichdifferforthedifferentpartsthataremanu
