第二语言习得概论-考研复习.doc

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1、★1.SLA(Secondlanguageacquisition)istheprocessbywhichalanguageotherthanthemothertongueislearntinanaturalsettingorinaclassroom.★2.Acquisitionvs.Learning(Krashen1982)     Acquisition     Learningimplicit,subconsciousexplicit,consciousinformalsituations formalsituationsusesgrammatical'feel'

2、usesgrammaticalrulesdependsonattitudedependsonaptitudestableorderofacquisitionsimpletocomplexorderoflearningAcquisitionreferstothelearningofalanguageunconsciouslyundernaturalsettingswherelearnerspayattentiononlytothemeaningsorcontentsratherthanformsorgrammars.Learningreferstothelearning

3、ofalanguageconsciouslyundereducationalsettingswherelearnersmainlypayattentiontoformsorgrammars.3.FactorsaffectingSLASocialfactors(externalfactors)Learnerfactors(internalfactors)Socialfactors(externalfactors)SocialcontextLanguagepolicyandtheattitudeofthepublicsector;SocialdemandWiththetr

4、endofglobalizationoftheworldeconomy,itiswidelyacceptedamongeducatorsandnationalleadersthatproficiencyinanotherlanguageisanindispensablequalityofeducatedpeopleLearnerfactors(internalfactors)Motivation，Age，Learningstrategy4.BehavioristlearningtheoryBehavioristlearningtheoryisageneraltheor

5、yoflearning(i.e.itappliestoallkindsoflearning,notjustlanguagelearning).Itviewslearningastheformationofhabits.Theassociationofaparticularresponsewithaparticularstimulusconstitutedahabit.Itisformedwhenaparticularstimulusbecameregularlylinkedwithaparticularresponse.WhenappliedtoSLA,theproc

6、essofsecondlanguageacquisitionisregardedasaprocessofhabitformation.5.ThecausesoferrorsaccordingtobehaviorismDifferencesbetweenthefirstandsecondlanguagecreatelearningdifficultywhichresultsinerrors.Behavioristlearningtheorypredictsthattransferwilltakeplacefromthefirsttothesecondlanguage.T

7、ransferwillbenegativewhenthereisproactiveinhibition.Inthiscaseerrorswillresult.Errors,accordingtobehavioristtheory,weretheresultofnon-learning,ratherthanwronglearning.ThemeansusedtopredictpotentialerrorsbybehavioristsisContrastiveAnalysis.6.StructuralismLanguagewasviewedasacode