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1、SamuelLanghorneClemens塞谬尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯MarkTwain马克·吐温EinsteinMarkTwainBirthDate:Nov.30,1835Place:Florida,MissouriWhenhewas4,hisfamilymovedtotheHannibal.FormerresidenceHannibalFamilyHewasthesixthchildinsevenchildrenFather:poorlawyerMother:diedwhenhewas4Amonghisbrothersandsisters,onlythr
2、eesurvivedafterchildhood.(brotherOrionClemens,sisterPamelaandbrotherHenryClemens).Brother:Pleasant,diedbeforehewasbornthreemonths.Sister:Margaret,diedwhenhewas4.Brother:Benjamin,diedthreeyearslater.WhenTwainwas11,hisfatherdiedofpneumonia（肺炎）.Heleftschoolat12andbecameafull-timeappr
3、entice（学徒）toaprinter.At16,hebecameacompositor(排字工人）andcontributedtoHannibalJournal,whichwascreatedbyhisbrotherOrion.At18,heleftHannibalandbecameatramp（流浪者）printer.MarkTwaingotbacktoMissouriat22andgotthenavigator(领航员）licensethroughhiseffortsat24.Duringthisperiod,hepersuadedhisbroth
4、erHenryworkintheMississippiriverwithhim.Henrydiedon1858,June21becauseofthesteamboatexploded.Twainfeltalotguiltandthoughtheshouldresponsibleforit.Sohehadalwaysbeenanavigatoruntilthecivilwarbrokeoutin1861.thebirthof “MarkTwain”“MarkTwain”whichmeans“watermarktwo”,wasacallusedbysailor
5、sontheMississippitowarmshipmatesthattheywerecomingintoshallowwater.他的笔名马克•吐温就取自船工生活：mark是“测标”，twain为“两英寻（合12英尺）”，“测标两英寻”说明仍是安全水位。Hebecameaminerinthesilver-miningtownofVirginiaCity.ThenheworkedforanewspaperinVirginiaCityCareerasajournalistMeanwhile,hestartedtomakespeech.Hisfirstspe
6、echwasinHawaii.DuringhistriptoEuropeandtheMiddleEast,hewrotefamoustravelletterseriesInnocentsAbroad.Atthattime,hesawthepictureofOliviaLangdonClemens,andfellinlovewithheratthefirstsight.Theymetin1868andmarriedin1870.OliviaLangdonClemensTheyhadthreedaughters.Infact,theyhadasonearlie
7、r,buthediedofdiphtheria（白喉）in19months.Thecouple'smarriagelasted34years,untilOlivia'sdeathin1904.Twainmadealotofmoneybypublishinghisworks,buthisimproperinvestmentwastedhismoney.Thenhewentbankrupt.HisfriendHenryRogerhelpedhimsolvethefinancialdifficulties.Heavilyindebt,hebegantomakeg
8、lobalspeechandsucceededinpayingal
