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1、EarlyYearsandLifeontheRiver1830-1860MarkTwainwasborninFlorida,Missourion30November1835,thesixthchildborntoJaneLampton(1803-1890)andJohnMarshallClemens(1798-1847).In1839theTwainfamilymovedtotheirHillStreethome,nowtheMarkTwainBoyhoodHomeandMuseumwithitsfamouswhitewa
2、shedfence,inthebustlingportcityofHannibal,Missouri.SituatedonthebanksoftheMississippiriveritwouldlaterprovideamodelforthefictitioustownofSt.PetersburginHuckleberryFinnandTomSawyer.WhenTwain’sfatherdiedin1847thefamilywasleftinfinancialstraits,soelevenyearoldSamuell
3、eftschool(hewasingrade5)andobtainedhisfirstofmanyjobsworkingwithvariousnewspapersandmagazinesincludingtheHannibalCourierasjourneymanprinter.“SoIbecameanewspaperman.Ihatedtodoit,butIcouldn'tfindhonestemployment.”Healsostartedwriting,amonghisfirststories“AGallantFir
4、eman”(1851)and“TheDandyFrighteningtheSquatter”(1852).AftertravelingtoandworkinginNewYorkandPhiladelphiaforafewyearshemovedbacktoSt.Louisin1857.Itwasherethatthelureoftheelegantsteamboatsandfestivecrowdsdrewhisattentionandhebecameanapprentice‘cub’riverpilotunderHora
5、ceBixby,earninghislicensein1858.AsasuccessfulpilotplyinghistradebetweenSt.LouisandNewOrleans,TwainalsogrewtolovethesecondlongestriverintheworldwhichhedescribesaffectionatelyinhismemoirLifeontheMississippi(1883).“Thefaceofthewater,intime,becameawonderfulbook—abookt
6、hatwasadeadlanguagetotheuneducatedpassenger,butwhichtolditsmindtomewithoutreserve,deliveringitsmostcherishedsecretsasclearlyasifitutteredthemwithavoice.Anditwasnotabooktobereadonceandthrownaside,forithadanewstorytotelleveryday.”Animportantpartofariverpilot’scraftk
7、nowsthewatersanddepths,which,forthemightyMississippiandherreefs,snags,andmudareeverchanging.To‘marktwain’istosoundthedepthsanddeemthemsafeforpassage,thetermadoptedbyClemensashispennamein1863.In1858hisbrotherHenrydiedinanexplosiononthesteamboatPennsylvania.Lifeonth
8、eriverwouldprovidemuchfodderforTwain’sfutureworksthatareattimesmystical,oftensardonicandwitty,alwaysinvaluableasinsightintothehumancondition.BeyondtheBa
