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1、句子成分定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分:主语和谓语次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语㈠主语(subject)句子说明的人或事物Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforheal
2、th.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.(名词)(代词)(数词)(不定式)(动名词)(名词化的形容词)(句子)找出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Helikesdancing.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisverycle
3、arthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(名词)(代词)(数词)(动名词)(不定式)(句子)(名词化的形容词)(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语
4、,分成不及物动词与和及物动词。及物动词(vt.):及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语),并且可直接跟宾语。如:HereachedParis.不及物动词(vi.):不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后加上某个介词。如:Look!Sheissinging.Lookatmecarefully!类似的还有:agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succe
5、ed...既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变。如begin都是作“开始”讲。Everybody,ourgamebegins.Letusbeginourgame.类似的还有:start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve...误:dealaproblem正:dealwithaproblem处理问题误:dependsb.正:dependonsb.依靠(依赖)某人误:insistdoingsth.正:
6、insistondoingsth.坚持要做某事易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词:误:knockthedoor正:knockon[at]thedoor敲门误:operatesb.正:operateonsb.为某人做手术误:participatesth.正:participateinsth.参加某事误:refersth.正:refertosth.查阅(参考)某物误:relysb./sth.正:relyonsb./sth.依靠(依赖)某人某物误:replyaletter正:replytoaletter回信1.Noma
7、tterhowmuchyou’velearnedandhowhighastandardofeducationyouhavehad,youmust_______thepeopleheartandsoul.A.serveB.serveforC.servetoD.serveon2.Thepupil___hisrighthand,obviouslyhopingto_____toanswertheteacher’squestion.A.roseriseB.raisedriseC.roseraiseD.raisedrais
8、eShowyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(名词)(代词)(数词)(名词化的形容词