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1、句子的构成1基本句型主语+系动词+表语（主系表）主语+不及物动词+（其他成分）主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补2句子成分主语谓语宾语表语宾补定语状语同位语3ItoldmybestfriendTomtopickmeupattheairport.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语↓宾语补足语4句子成分英文名说明常用词类例句主语subject句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体（人或事物）名词、代词,动名词,不定式,从句等Iamastudent.谓语predicate表示主语的动作或状态动词Youreadtheboo
2、k.表语predicative放在连系动词后表示主语的身份或特征。名词、代词、形容词,动名词,分词,不定式,介词短语,从句等Sheisateacher.5宾语object表示及物动词动作的对象名词、代词,动名词,不定式,从句等Mikedidthejob.定语attribute限定或修饰名词、代词等形容词,动名词,分词不定式,介词短语,从句等Theblackdogbarks.状语adverbial修饰动词形容词副词之用，表示时间地点状态程度等含义副词,形容词,分词,不定式,介词短语,从句等Runquickly.6句子成分英文名说明常用词类例句宾语补足语compleme
3、nt对宾语进行补充说明，与宾语一起构成复合宾语。名词、形容词,分词,不定式介词短语等Ifindthebookveryboring.同位语appositive对前面的名词或代词做进一步解释。名词、数词、代词或从句ThisisMr.Li,ourheadmaster.Thenewsthatheisillworriesus.独立成分Independentelements与全句没有什么语法关系，有感叹词、肯定与否定的答语、插入语、呼语等感叹词副词短语Oh,hello,Ithink,totellyouthetruth,Mr.Li,YourMajesty,Mum.Yes,no7㈠
4、主语Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.8㈡谓语简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwellShehasn’treceivedthe
5、e-mailyet.9㈢表语在系动词后的部分就是表语常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,look,get,grow,keep,turn,become,come,go,remain，etc.Theappletastessweet.10Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Whowasthefirst?Heisoutofcondition.Thebookiswhat
6、Ineed.11㈣宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.Hegavemesomebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语12●Pleasepassmethebook.●Heboughtmesomeflowers.●Ilikemyjob.●Iloveyou.●Hewantedtoleavehere.●Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.●Ididn’tknowwhentoswitchthemachineoff.●ShewonderedwhyJimwassoangrywithher.13㈤宾语补足语Wemustkeepitase
7、cret.Ifoundthebookinteresting.Pleasekeepthedogout.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Shehadanarmbrokenintheaccident.Hemadehimselfknowntothem.14主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补.Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.→Hewasseenplayingneartheriver.Theteachercaught
