高中英语句子成分分析ppt课件.ppt

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1、句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语句子成分◆主语◆谓语◆宾语◆定语◆状语◆补语◆表语◆同位语1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语㈠主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoung

2、shouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.找出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.（数词）Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成

3、Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Hehascaughtabadcold.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.Hegavemesomebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●.pleasepassmethebook.●.Heboughtmesomeflowers.●Ilikemyjob.●Iloveyou.●Hewanted

4、toleavehere.●Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.（四）定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，译为‘‘……的’’定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。复合不定代词（something/nothing）之后；不定式/分词短语/从句作定语时要放在被修饰的成分后；副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisas

5、leepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Imetafriendonmywayhome.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)(副词)Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?Thereisnothinginterestinginthisbook.（五）状语状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的句子成分，说明方式、因果、条件、时

6、间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等--Theboyneedsapennow.--Theboyneedsapenverymuch.可用作状语的有副词,不定式，分词，介词短语，从句等。Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen.在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)介词短语作状语：Hesitsthere,askingforapen.他坐在那儿要一支笔。

7、（表示伴随状态）Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen.因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语）Frightened,hesitstheresoundlessly.（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）分词（短语）作状语：Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）Tomakehisdreamcometr