高中英语句子成分解析ppt课件.ppt

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1、句子成分MembersofaSentence句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语、同位语1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓状语㈠主语（subject）说明的人或事物Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungsho

2、uldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.（数词）Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（从句）Itisveryclearthatthesunrisesintheeast.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）找出句中主语㈡谓语（predictate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由动词或动词

3、词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill.Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Hehascaughtabadcold.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing（三）宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于动词和介词后面。例如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?

4、Ihavefive.（名词）（代词）（名词、数词）4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）▲直接宾语和间接宾语有些及物动词后面要跟2个宾语,分为直接宾语和间接宾语;直接宾语多为物,间接宾语多为人，表明动作是对谁做的。Webroughtthemsomefood.主谓间宾直宾Hesh

5、owedmehowtorunthemachine.主谓间宾直宾若先说直接宾语(物),后说间接宾语(人),必须借助介词to或for：Weboughtsomefoodforthem.Heshowedhowtorunthemachinetous.宾语补足语----有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后加上宾语补足语,句意才完整。宾补补充说明宾语干什么,或处于何种状态。名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,现在分词和过去分词可充当宾补。形容词Leavethedooropen.副词WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.介词短语Makeyourse

6、lfathome.省略to的不定式Isawhimenterthehall.现在分词Thebosskeepsthemworkingallday.过去分词Iheardmynamecalled.（四）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood

7、.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?Thereisnothinginterestinginthisbook.（五）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。Iwillbebackinawhile