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1、句子成分定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。英语的基本成分有八种:主语(subject)谓语(predicate)宾语(object)宾语补足语(objectcomplement)表语(predicative)定语(attribute)状语(adverbial)同位语(appositive)1.主语:是句子要说明的人或物,说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在t
2、herebe结构、疑问句和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句皆可做主语。1)Mr.Leeisawell-knownscientist.2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.3)Twoandtenistwelve.4)Smokingisharmfultothehealth.5)Toswiminthatpoolisagreatpleasure.6)Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.1.During
3、the1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词)(代词)(数词)(不定式)(动名词)(名词化的形容词)7.Whenwe
4、aregoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(主语从句)(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)2.谓语谓语(Verb)说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.2、复合谓语:由情
5、态动词或其他助动词+动词原形构成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。3.表语:是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词(如be,become)之后,与系动词一起构成复合谓语,说明主语的身份,特征,属性或状态等。单词、短语或从句均可充当表语。1)Wang’sfatherisadoctor.(名词)2)Heisalwayscareless.(形容词)3)Thebasketballmatchison.(副词)4)Allthe
6、pupilsareontheplaygroundnow.(介词短语)5)Ouraimistowinmoremedals.(不定式)6)HisworkisteachingFrench.(动名词短语)7)Thequestioniswhocanreallyrepairthemachines.(从句)4.宾语宾语(Object)表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:1.Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomi
7、ngtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(名词)(代词、动名词)(名词、数词)4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(名词化形容词,名词)(不定式短语)(动名词短语)(宾语从句)宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语
8、+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.跟to:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等,例如HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.跟for:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,dra