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1、句子的构成成分主语subject谓语predicate宾语object表语predicative宾补complement定语attribute状语adverbial同位语appositive1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语Haveatry㈠主语Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungsho
2、uldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。名词主格代词数词动词不定式动名词the+形容词句子㈡谓语谓语:简单谓语由动词或动词词组构成,一般在主语之后。Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shehasfinishedthehomework.Ilikemyjob.Iloveyou.Hewantedtoleaveh
3、ere.Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.Heaskedwherehewas.（三）宾语宾语：动作的接受者，一般在谓语后面宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.Hegavemesomebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●Pleasepassmethebook.●Heboughtmesomeflowers.(四)宾语补足语宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。Ifoundthebookinteresting.DoyouhearTomsinging?Hemadehimselfunderstood.Sheaskedm
4、etolendherahand.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Pleasekeepthedogout.Wemustkeepitasecret.形容词现在分词过去分词动词不定式介词短语副词名词(五)定语Heisacleverboy.Theyarebuildingastonebridge.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknownBetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Ime
5、tafriendonmywayhome.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)(副词)Thegirlinredishissister.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?Thereisnothinginterestinginthisbook.（六）状语用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyare
6、playingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.Hegotupsolatethathemissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.Healwayscomeslatetoschool.Hewent.Hewe
7、ntthere.Hewentthereyesterday.Hewenttheretoseehismotheryesterday.Hewenttheretoseehismotherbybikeyesterday.（七）表语在系动词后的部分就是表语常见的系动词有:Be动词(am,is,are)感官系动词feel,smell,sound,taste,look变化系动词become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come状态系动词seem,keep,remain,stay,appear.Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth
8、.Time
