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1、Period1(Unit1BII)Warmingup&Listening&SpeakingI.Warmingup1.Introducesomefamousscientists.TheGerman-AmericanphysicistAlbertEinstein,b.Ulm,Germany,Mar.14,1879,d.Princeton,N.J.,Apr.18,1955,contributedmorethananyotherscientisttothe20th-centuryvisionofphysicalreality.Inthewakeof(随着...而来)WorldWarI,E
2、instein'stheories--especiallyhistheoryofrelativity--seemedtomanypeopletopointtoapurequalityofhumanthought,onefarremovedfromthewaranditsaftermath.Seldomhasascientistreceivedsuchpublicattentionforhavingcultivatedthefruitofpurelearning.MARIECURIEopenedupthescienceofradioactivity(放射能).Sheisbestkn
3、ownasthediscovereroftheradioactiveelements(元素)polonium(钋)andradium(镭)andasthefirstpersontowintwoNobelprizes.Forscientistsandthepublic,herradiumwasakeytoabasicchangeinourunderstandingofmatterandenergy.Herworknotonlyinfluenced(影响)thedevelopmentoffundamental(基础的)sciencebutalsoushered(引导)inanewer
4、a(纪元)inmedicalresearchandtreatment.AlfredNorthWhitehead(b.1861-d.1947),Britishmathematician,logicianandphilosopherbestknownforhisworkinmathematicallogicandthephilosophyofscience.IncollaborationwithBertrandRussell,heauthored(创造)thelandmark(里程碑)three-volumePrincipiaMathematica(1910,1912,1913)an
5、dcontributedsignificantlytotwentieth-centurylogicandmetaphysics(形而上学).AtthetimethatGalileoarrivedattheUniversity,somedebatehadstartedupononeofAristotle's"laws"ofnature--namely,thatthatheavierobjectsfellfasterthanlighterobjects.Aristotle'swordhadbeenacceptedasgospeltruth,andtherehadbeenfewatte
6、mptstoactuallytestAristotle'sconclusionsbyactuallyconductinganexperiment!Accordingtolegend,Galileodecidedtotry.Heneededtobeabletodroptheobjectsfromagreatheight.Theperfectbuildingwasrightathand--theTowerofPisa,54meterstall.Galileoclimbeduptothetopofthebuildingcarryingavarietyofballsofvaryingsi
7、zeandweight,anddumpedthemoffofthetop.Theyalllandedatthebaseofthebuildingatthesametime(legendsaysthatthedemonstrationwaswitnessedbyahugecrowdofstudentsandprofessors).Aristotlewaswrong.Whowerethey?Whatweretheyfamousfor?ScientistsContributionsQu