英语的语素、词.ppt

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1、英语的语素和词BoundMorphemes:cannotoccurontheirown,e.g.de-indetoxify,-tionincreation,-sindogs,cran-incranberry.FreeMorphemes:canoccurasseparatewords,e.g.car,yes.rearrangedInamorphologicallycomplexword--awordcomposedofmorethanonemorpheme--oneconstituentmaybeconsidere

2、dasthebasicone,thecoreoftheform,withtheotherstreatedasbeingaddedon.Thebasicorcoremorphemeinsuchcasesisreferredtoasthestem,root,orbase,whiletheadd-onsareaffixes.Affixesthatprecedethestemareofcourseprefixes,whilethosethatfollowthestemaresuffixes.Thusinrearrange

3、d,re-isaprefix,arrangeisastem,and-disasuffix.Keepinmindthatmostmorphemesareneitherderivationalnorinflectional!Forinstance,theEnglishmorphemesMelissa,twist,tele-,andouch.Canaword=amorpheme?Yes,atleastinthesensethatawordmaycontainexactlyonemorpheme:morpheme1.do

4、cAretheremorphemesthatarenotwords?Yes,noneofthefollowingmorphemesisaword:MorphemeCategoryun-prefixdis-prefix-nesssuffix-ssuffixKempt整洁的(asinunkempt)boundmorphemeCanaword=asyllable?Yes,atleastinthesensethatawordmayconsistofexactlyonesyllable:WordWordClasscarno

5、unworkverbinprepositionwhoopsinterjectionAretheremorphemesthatarenotsyllables?Yes,someofthefollowingmorphemesconsistofmorethanonesyllable;someofthemarelessthanasyllable:MorphemeWordClassunderpreposition(>syll.)spidernoun(>syll.)-s'plural'(

6、blesthatarenotmorphemes?Yes,manysyllablesare"less"thanmorphemes.Justbecauseyoucanbreakawordintotwoormoresyllablesdoesnotmeanitmustconsistofmorethanonemorpheme!WordSyllablesCommentskayak爱斯基摩人单人划子(ka.yak)neitherkanoryakisamorphemebroccoli西兰花(bro.ko.li)or(brok.l

7、i)neitherbronorbroknorkonorliisamorphemeangle(ang.gle)neitherangnorgleisamorphemejungle(jung.gle)neitherjungnorgleisamorphemeSo(ifyouwerewondering--andyes,somepeoplehavetroublewiththis)thereisnonecessaryrelationshipbetweensyllables,morphemes,andwords.Eachisan

8、independentunitofstructure.