《英语的语素词》PPT课件

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1、英语的语素和词BoundMorphemes:cannotoccurontheirown,e.g.de-indetoxify,-tionincreation,-sindogs,cran-incranberry.FreeMorphemes:canoccurasseparatewords,e.g.car,yes.rearrangedInamorphologicallycomplexword--awordcomposedofmorethanonemorpheme--oneconstituentmaybeconsideredasthebasicone,thecoreofthef

2、orm,withtheotherstreatedasbeingaddedon.Thebasicorcoremorphemeinsuchcasesisreferredtoasthestem,root,orbase,whiletheadd-onsareaffixes.Affixesthatprecedethestemareofcourseprefixes,whilethosethatfollowthestemaresuffixes.Thusinrearranged,re-isaprefix,arrangeisastem,and-disasuffix.Keepinmindt

3、hatmostmorphemesareneitherderivationalnorinflectional!Forinstance,theEnglishmorphemesMelissa,twist,tele-,andouch.Canaword=amorpheme?Yes,atleastinthesensethatawordmaycontainexactlyonemorpheme:morpheme1.docAretheremorphemesthatarenotwords?Yes,noneofthefollowingmorphemesisaword:MorphemeCat

4、egoryun-prefixdis-prefix-nesssuffix-ssuffixKempt整洁的(asinunkempt)boundmorphemeCanaword=asyllable?Yes,atleastinthesensethatawordmayconsistofexactlyonesyllable:WordWordClasscarnounworkverbinprepositionwhoopsinterjectionAretheremorphemesthatarenotsyllables?Yes,someofthefollowingmorphemescon

5、sistofmorethanonesyllable;someofthemarelessthanasyllable:MorphemeWordClassunderpreposition(>syll.)spidernoun(>syll.)-s'plural'(

6、orethanonemorpheme!WordSyllablesCommentskayak爱斯基摩人单人划子(ka.yak)neitherkanoryakisamorphemebroccoli西兰花(bro.ko.li)or(brok.li)neitherbronorbroknorkonorliisamorphemeangle(ang.gle)neitherangnorgleisamorphemejungle(jung.gle)neitherjungnorgleisamorphemeSo(ifyouwerewondering--andyes,somepeoplehav

7、etroublewiththis)thereisnonecessaryrelationshipbetweensyllables,morphemes,andwords.Eachisanindependentunitofstructure.