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1、优质文档二语习得复习资料Chapter2:1.Innatecapacity:naturalability2.Sequentialbilingualism:whenasecondlanguageisintroducedafterthenativelanguagehasbeenacquired.Simultaneousbilingualism:whenyoungchildrenacquiremorethanonelanguageatthesametime.3.WhatistheinitialstateoflanguagedevelopmentforL1and
2、L2respectively?L1-innatecapacityL2-L1,worldknowledge,interactionskills,possiblyinnatecapacity.4.Whatisanecessaryconditionforlanguagelearning(L1orL2?)InputisnecessaryforbothL1andL2;socialinteractionisnecessaryforL1.5.Giveatleasttworeasonsthatmanyscientistsbelieveinsomeinnatecapaci
3、tyforlanguage.a.ChildrenbegintolearntheirL1atthesameage,andinmuchthesameway,whetheritisEnglish,Bengali,Korean,Swahili,oranyotherlanguageintheworld.b.Ifchildrenhadtoactuallylearntheabstractrulesoflanguage,thenonlythesmartestwouldeverlearntotalk,anditwouldtakeseveralyearsmoretolear
4、nL1thanitactuallydoes.C.childrenmasterthebasicphonologicalandgrammaticaloperationsintheirL1byagefiveorsix,regardlessofwhatthelanguageis.D.Childrencanunderstandandcreatenovelutterances;theyarenotlimitedtorepeatingwhattheyheararoundthem.E.thereisacut-offageforL1acquisition,beyondwh
5、ichitcanneverbecomplete.6.Linguistshavetakenaninternaland/orexternalfocustothestudyoflanguageacquisition.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthetwo?Theinternalfocusseekstoaccountforspeakers’internalized,underlyingknowledgeoflanguage.Theexternalfocusemphasizeslanguageuse,includingthefunctio
6、nsoflanguage5优质文档whicharerealizedinlearners’productionatdifferentstagesofdevelopment.1.Chapter31.Brieflyexplainhowlanguageissystematic,symbolicandsocial.Systematic:Languagesconsistofrecurrentelementswhichoccurinregularpatternsofrelationships.Languageiscreatedaccordingtorulesorpri
7、ncipleswhichspeakersareusuallyunconsciousofusingiflanguagewasacquiredinearlychildhood.Symbolic:Sequencesofsoundsorlettersdonotinherentlypossessmeaning.Thesesymbolsoflanguagehavemeaningbecauseofatacitagreementamongthespeakersofalanguage.Social:Eachlanguagereflectsthesocialrequirem
8、entsofthesocietythatusesit.Althoughhuman
