TUV-德国莱茵技术-六西格码培训资料3.2-Measurement-System课件.ppt

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1、Chapter3.2MeasurementSystemsAnalysis测量系统分析测量是科学的基础“Ioftensaythatwhenyoumeasurewhatyouarespeakingaboutandexpressitinnumbers,youknowsomethingaboutit.”LORDKELVINTheScienceofMeasurement2EffectsofMeasurementErrorAveragesVariabilitymmmtotalproductmeas.system=+MeasurementSystemBiasMeasurementSyste

2、mVariabilityAccuracyPrecisions2total=s2product+s2meassystem3测量误差平均值变差mmm总产品测量系统=+测量系统的偏差测量系统的变差准确度精确度s2total=s2产品+s2测量系统4SourcesofMeasurementVariation'MeasurementVariation'HumidityCleanlinessVibrationLineVoltageVariationTemperatureFluctuationOperatorTechniqueStandardProceduresSufficientWork

3、TimeMaintenanceStandardCalibrationFrequencyOperatorTrainingEaseofDataEntryAlgorithmInstabiltyElectricalInstabilityWearMechanicalinstabilityGageEnvironmentWorkMethods测量误差的原因'MeasurementVariation'HumidityCleanlinessVibrationLineVoltageVariationTemperatureFluctuationOperatorTechniqueStandardPr

4、oceduresSufficientWorkTimeMaintenanceStandardCalibrationFrequencyOperatorTrainingEaseofDataEntry电性能不稳定磨损机械不稳定性量具环境测量方法计算不稳定取得数据的难易操作员培训校准频率量具维护标准足够的工作时间标准操作规程操作员技术湿度清洁程度震动线电压波动温度波动6看到的不一定真实7PossibleSourcesofProcessVariationLong-termProcessVariationShort-termProcessVariationVariationw/isampl

5、eActualProcessVariationStabilityLinearityRepeatabilityAccuracyVariationduetogageVariationduetooperatorsMeasurementVariationObservedProcessVariationWewilllookat“repeatability”and“reproducibility”asthesearetheprimarycontributorstomeasurementerror.Reproducibility过程变差剖析长期过程变差短期抽样产生的变差实际过程变差稳定性线

6、性重复性准确度量具变差操作员造成的变差测量误差过程变差观测值“重复性”和“再现性”是测量误差的主要来源再现性过程变差9AccuracyAccuracy—Doestheaverageofthemeasurementsdeviatefromthetruevalue?Truevalue:TheoreticallycorrectvalueNISTstandardsBiasDistancebetweenaveragevalueofallmeasurementsandtruevalueAmountgageisconsistentlyofftargetSystematicerrororof

7、fset准确度(Accuracy)准确度(Accuracy)—测量的平均值是否与真值吻合?真值(TrueValue):理论上正确的值国际度量衡标准偏倚（Bias)测量值的均值与真值的距离测量系统持续地偏离目标系统错误11BIAS—Isthedifferencebetweentheobservedaverageofthemeasurementandthereferencevalue.Thereference-valueisthevaluethatservesasanagreed-uponreference