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1、TheEnglishRenaissance(late15thcentury~early17thcentury)HistoricalBackground1.thenewmonarchy.theReformation3.TheEnglishBible4.TheEnclosureMovement5.TheCommercialExpansion6.TheWarwithSpainHistoricalBackground1.thenewmonarchyAftertheNormanConquest,theNormanlineofkingssatonthethron
2、eforsome90yearsandgaveplacetotheAngevinkingsin1154.KingHenryⅡandhisdescendantsstayedinpowerfor245yearsuntiltheyweresupersededbytheHouseofLancasterin1399.ThentheHouseofYorktookoverbutwasshort-lived,lastingonly24years.ThentheWarofRoses(1455-1483)brokeoutandendedwiththereconciliat
3、ionofthetworivalhousesofYorkandLancaster.HenryⅦoftheTudorsbecamekingin1485,andwassucceededbyhissonHenryⅧ.theReformationHenryⅧbeganasapromisingyouthoflearningandloveforlearnedmen,butthelongreignturnedhimintoabloodthirstytyrant.Heisbestrememberednowforhavinghadsixwives,oneafteran
4、other,twoofwhomhebeheaded,andtwobedivorced.HisdivorcewithQueenCatherineledtohisbreakwiththeRomanCatholicChurchandinadvertentlypavedthewayfortheinroadsofProtestantism.ThecountrywasthussplitbetweentheCatholicandtheProtestantfaith.Hecarriedoutawholesalesuppressionofthemonasteriesa
5、ndconfiscatedthepropertyoftheChurch,thusenrichingthenewbourgeoisnobility.theReformationThenewreligiousdogmaknownasProtestantismhadbeengaininggroundamongthepopulationandtheProtestantismwasinessenceapoliticalmovementinareligiousguise,apartofthelongstruggleofthebourgeoisclassforpo
6、wer.ButtheReformationwasfollowedcloselybytheCounter-ReformationduringthereignofQueenMary.AfterHneryⅧhisson,asicklyboywaskingforafewyearsandthendiedsothathissister,Bloody“Mary,adevoutCatholic,becamequeen,andhadtheopportunitytopersecutetheProteatantsasshepleased.Herfive-yearreign
7、throwthenationintocompletediscordandchaos.HundredsofProtyestants,bothfamouschurchmanandobscurepeasants,wereburnedasheretica.Sheleftnooffspringbehind.Hersuccessor,herhalfsister,QueenElizabethⅠ,wasadifferentindividualaltogether.theReformationShewasshrewdandtactfultoafault.Shemade
8、friendswiththeopposingsidesofthereligiousconflict—Cath
