英美政治体制的比较-in English.doc

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1、ContrastsbetweentheAmericanandBritishPoliticalSystemsSimilaritiesThefirstwesterncapitalistpoliticalsystemscreatedbyBritisharepraisedasthesourceandmodelofthewesternpoliticalsystem.OnthebasisofabsorbinganddrawinglessonsfromBritain,U.S.A.hasformedthemostperfectpoliticalsysteminthecontemporarycap

2、italistcountries.SotherearemanysimilaritiesbetweentheAmericanandBritishpoliticalsystems.1.HeadofStateBoththeU.S.andBritishpoliticalsystemshaveaheadofstate.ThepresidentistheofficialheadofstateintheUS.ThepresidentisindirectlyelectedbythepeoplethroughtheElectoralCollegetoafour-yearterm.IntheU.K.

3、,thequeenorkingistheofficialheadofstate.Butthequeenorkingisonlyafigureheadwithoutrealauthority.However,theprimeministerusuallyhasthespotlightonpoliticalmattersandistheofficialheadofgovernment2.TheUpperHouseBoththeU.S.andBritishpoliticalsystemshaveanupperhouse.TheUnitedStateshasaSenateastheupp

4、erhouseofthelegislativebranchandtheU.K.hastheHouseofLords.TheUnitedStatesSenateistheupperhouseofthebicamerallegislatureoftheUnitedStates,andtogetherwiththeUnitedStatesHouseofRepresentativescomprisestheUnitedStatesCongress.EachU.S.stateisrepresentedbytwosenators,regardlessofpopulation.Senators

5、servestaggeredsix-yearterms.TheHouseofLordsistheupperhouseoftheParliamentoftheUnitedKingdom.LiketheHouseofCommons,itmeetsinthePalaceofWestminster.TheHouseofLordsisthesecondchamberofParliament.Itisindependentfrom,andcomplementstheworkof,theHouseofCommons–theyshareresponsibilityformakinglawsand

6、checkinggovernmentaction.3.TheLowerHouseBoththeU.S.andBritishpoliticalsystemshavealowerhouse.TheU.S.HouseofRepresentativesandtheBritishHouseofCommonshaveagreatdealincommon.Eachhouseismadeupofrepresentativeselectedbythepeople.Inbothsystemscontrolofthelowerhousegoestothepartythathasthemostseats

7、.TheUnitedStatesHouseofRepresentativesisoneofthetwoHousesoftheUnitedStatesCongress,thebicamerallegislaturewhichalsoincludestheSenate.Thenumberofdistrictsinastateisdeterminedbyacountofthepopulationtakenevery10years.TheHouseofCommonscomprisesth