英语中常用的修辞手法.ppt

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1、FiguresofSpeech(1)Figuresofspeechareformsofexpressionthatdepartfromnormalwordorsentenceorderorfromthecommonliteralmeaningsofwords,forthepurposeofachievingaspecialeffect.Ineverydayspeechandwritingandinliteraturethechieffunctionsoffiguresofspeechareprobablytoembell

2、ish,toemphasizeortoclarify.Theyareusedtogivetoneoratmospheretodiscourse,toprovidevividexamplestostimulatethoughtbystartlingthereaderorlistener,togivelifetoinanimateobjects,toamuse,ortoornament.Figuresofspeechexistinalmostendlessvarietyandmanyarecloselyrelatedorin

3、tricatelyoverlap,hencenocompletelysatisfactorysystemofclassificationhaseverbeendevised.Thefollowingaresomecommonlyusedones:FiguresofSpeech(2)similemetaphorpersonificationmetonymySynecdocheAntonomasiaeuphemismHyperbolelitotesAntithesisParadox12.Oxymoron13.EpigramA

4、postropherhetoricalquestion16.Irony17.Sarcasm18.Satire19.Ridicule20.Innuendo21.Parody22.Climax23.Anti-climax24.Alliteration25.Assonance26.Onomatopoeia27.Transferredepithet28.Pun29.Parallelism30.RepetitionFiguresofSpeech(3)1.Simile(明喻)Afigurethatinvolvesanexpresse

5、dcomparison,almostalwaysintroducedbytheword“like”or“as”.Thetwothingscomparedmustbedissimilarandthebasisofresemblanceisusuallyanabstractquality.用like,as或其他词指出两个截然不同的事物之间相似之处的办法，叫明喻。(本体:tenor;喻体:vehicle)1)Ascoldwaterstoathirstysoul,soisgoodnewsfromafarcountry.2)The

6、waterlaygrayandwrinkledlikeanelephant’sskin.3)Hebellowedlikeabullseekingcombat.4)Thatmancan’tbetrusted.He’sasslipperyasaneel.simileMoreexamples:Awordandastoneletgocannotberecalled.Loveandcoughcannotbehid(hidden).Hehadnomoreideaofmoneythanacow.Thepenistoawriterwha

7、tthegunistoafighter.(AistoBwhatCistoD.)Whatsculptureistoablockofmarble,educationistothesoul.(WhatCistoD,AistoB.)Fig.2FiguresofSpeech(4)2.Metaphor(暗喻)Thesubstitutionofonethingforanother,ortheidentificationoftwothingsfromdifferentrangesofthought.Itisoftenlooselydef

8、inedas“animpliedcomparison,”“asimilewithout‘like’or‘as’”.Metaphorisconsideredbymanythemostimportantandbasicpoeticfigureandalsothecommonestandthemostbeautiful.1