美国文学-霍桑介绍Nathaniel-Hawthorne课件.ppt

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1、NathanielHawthorne(1804-1864)（纳撒尼尔·霍桑）ContentsLifeMajorworksThemesWritingstylesLifeBirthplace:Salem,MassachusettsFamilybackground:afamilywithalongPuritantradition;fatherdiedwhenhewasonly4yearsold;motherreliedonrelativesinrearingherfourchildrenEducation:readingextensivelybyhismid-teensandaspiredto

2、beawriter;from1821-1825,hestudiedatBowdoincollegeinMaine.EarlylifeinfluencesonHawthorneSalem-earlychildhood,laterworkattheCustomHouse.Puritanfamilybackground-oneofhisforefatherswasJudgeHathorne,whopresidedovertheSalemwitchcrafttrials,1692.Beliefintheexistenceofthedevil.Beliefindeterminism宿命论.Purit

3、anism清教主义PuritanscamefromtheEstablishedChurchofEnglandinthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies.TheyweresocalledbecausetheywishedtopurifytheformsandritualsoftheChurch.ThoughitwaspilgrimsthatfirstcametoNewEngland,yetPuritanismsoonbecamethedominantfaithwithitsrathergloomyoutlookonlife.ThePuritansheldtha

4、tmanlivedtosufferandhemusttoilmightilyforthegloryofGod.Theirdoctrinewaswidelyknownforitsextremelyrigidandstrictmorality.(originalsins,predestination,limitedatonement)Majorworks1837-1842:Twice-ToldTales《故事重述》1846:MossesfromanOldManse《古宅青苔》1850:TheScarletLetter《红字》1851:TheHouseoftheSevenGables《带七个尖角

5、阁的房子》1852:TheBlithedaleRomance《福谷传奇》FeaturesofhisworksSetting：PuritanNewEnglandThemes：Evil&SinIdea："Blackvision"towardhumanbeingsTechnique：symbolismBlackVision:EvilexistsinthehumanheartEveryonepossessessomeevilsecretEveryoneseemstocoveruphisinnermostevilEvilseemstobeman’sbirthmarkSinwilleventually

6、getpunishedEvileducatesOverweeningintellect—sourceofevilThemes1.DarkViewofHumanNature（人性之“恶”）2.MoralityandSin（道德&罪恶）3.HumanIsolation（人之孤独）1.DarkViewofHumanNature（人性之“恶”）◇Humanbeingsareevil-naturedandsinful，andthissinandeviliseverpresentinhumanheartandwillpassonfromonegenerationtoanother.2.Morality

7、andSin（道德&罪恶）◇Manwillgetpunishedonewayoranotherforhissinbutcanalsobesavedbyhisgood-deedsandself-improvement.◇Onehastoworkandstriveagainsttemptationinordertowinsalvation(拯救).Therecouldbenomagiccarriagewhichwoulden