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1、Unit1BackgroundtoBritain1PARTICulturalFocusTextAThepeoplesofBritain2Warm-upActivitiesWhatisthefullnameoftheBritishstate?Whatcountriesdoesitconsistof?WhatisthetotalpopulationoftheUnitedKingdom?Wheredomostpeoplelive?345Doyouknowthemeaningofthefollowingt
2、erms?CeltsBritainEnglandAnglo-SaxonsIndo-EuropeanlanguageGermaniclanguageVikingsNormanconquest6BackgroundInformation1.Land2.People3.CharacteristicsoftheEnglishpeople7LandTheBritishIslesisatraditionaltermusedtoidentifythegroupofislandsoffthenorthwestco
3、astofEuropeconsistingofGreatBritain,Irelandandthemanysmalleradjacentislands(over16).TheseislandsformanarchipelagooffthewestcoastofEurope,315,134km2(121,674squaremiles).TomanyIrishpeopleaswellasScottishandWelshnationalists,theterm"BritishIsles"isunacce
4、ptable.8LandThetermisnolongerusedinIrishstatedocuments,hasbeenabandonedfromIrishschoolbooksandisbeingphasedoutoftextbooks.ItsusageisalsodecreasinginofficialBritishstatedocumentation,outofsensitivitytotheconcernsofIrish,ScottishandWelshpeopleandtheevol
5、vingnewgeo-politicalrelationships.9AlternativesHowevertheissueofareplacementtermremainsunsettledasof2003,thoughinthecontextoftheNorthernIrelandpeaceprocesstheterm"IslandsoftheNorthAtlantic"(IONA),aterminitiallycreatedbyformerConservativePartyMPSirJohn
6、Biggs-Davison,hasbeenusedasaneutraltermtodescribetheseislands.10LandThenameGreatBritainwasnotappliedtothislargeislanduntilthe17thcentury.ItssouthernpartadoptedthenameEnglandinthe5thcenturywhengroupsofinvadersfromNorthernEurope,traditionallycalledtheAn
7、gles,Saxons,andJutes,weretakingpossessionofthisarea.Theirlanguage,theEnglishlanguage,spreadfarandwideandlaterbecametheofficiallanguageofthenation.11Beginningwiththefifthcentury,someGermanictribesknownastheAnglo-SaxonsstartedtheirinvasionofEngland.Thei
8、rconquestofthesmallislandcountrywassosuccessfulthattheirlanguage,OldEnglish,soonafterbecamethedominantlanguageontheisland.Land12Anglo-Saxonsachievedlittlesuccessinannexingthesouthwesternpart,traditionallycalledWales,thenthemainstronghold(据点，要塞
