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1、高考阅读理解题六种常见干扰项设置手法阅读理解是高考试卷中分值最大的题型。近年来随着高考命题指导思想的发展，阅读理解题的考查角度越来越灵活多变。其干扰选项的设置不仅能检测出考生理解、概括、推理等逻辑思维的精确性、深刻性，而且对考生个人心理品质也是一种检验，因此，干扰项常使很多考生陷入误区。抓住试题选项特征， 正确答案手到擒来！1．包含项原则在分析选项时，假如A选项的内容概括其他三个选项(或其中一个选项)的内容，那么，我们就说选项A是其他选项的包含项，包含项A往往就是正确答案。例1Livinginaresid
2、encehallcarriescertainobligation(义务).Youhavetobeconsiderateofothers,especiallyduringstudyhours.Telephonecallsandvisitsbyfriendsshouldbeshort.Youhavetocooperateinkeepingtheroomassanitary(卫生)aspossible.Itissometimeshardtobetolerantofanotherperson’shabitstha
3、tmaydifferfromyourown.Q:Whatmustyoulearntobetolerantofifyouliveinadormitory?A.Yourroommate’stelephonecallsB.HabitsthatmaydifferfromyourownC.Visitsbyyourroommate’sfriendsD.Roommateswhoareunsanitary例2Q:Thethreeexamplesarecitedtoshowthat______.A. Quitsmoking
4、isnecessaryB. HealthyhabitsbenefitourhealthC. FruitsandvegetablesarebetterthanmilkD. Weshoulddrinkmorewatereveryday.包含项原则预示：选项中内容全面、概况性强的，往往是正确答案。有时不读原文照样可以做对题，但这绝对不是瞎蒙。两选项陈述的内容完全相矛盾叫正反项。假如四个选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般是A项或B项。用排除法先缩小范围，以增加得分几率。2.正反项原则例
5、3Theyfeeltheyarepoorlistenerswhentheythinkaboutsomethingelsewhiletheotheristalkingorwhentheyaretired,ornotinterestedinwhatsheorheistalkingabout.Mostpeoplelistenonlywiththeirears.Q:Accordingtothepassage,listeningonlywithearsmayhappentouswhen____A.weareemot
6、ionallytiredB.wearephysicallydisabledC. wearesointerestedinthetopicD.weareaskedmanyquestions例4Themainproblemisthatourneighborworldsappeartobeunsuitableforadvancedlifeforms.Themoonmaybethecasefirst,ithashardlyanyatmosphere.Venusisalittlebetter,butthesurfac
7、e’stemperatureisveryhigh.Marswiththinatmosphereandlittlewatercannotsupportthelivingnecessityoftheanimals.Q:ThereisunlikelyanylifeonVenusbecause______.A.ithasverythinatmosphereB.thesurfacetemperatureistoohotC.theweatheristoocoldD.itisextremelyshortofwater3
8、．委婉项原则所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。语气平和、委婉的选项往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不肯定或试探性语气的词语，如：probably,possibly,may,usually,might,mostof,moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,notnecessary,although,yet,inaddition，tendto，beliableto等等。而含有绝对语气的词语往往不
