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1、Ernest Hemingway1899-1961Hestartedhiscareerasawriterinanewspaperofficeattheageofseventeen.AftertheUnitedStatesenteredtheFirstWorldWar,hejoinedavolunteerambulanceunitintheItalianarmy.Servingatthefront,hewaswounded,wasdecoratedbytheItalianGovernment,andspentconsiderabletimeinhospitals.
2、AfterhisreturntotheUnitedStates,hebecameareporterforCanadianandAmericannewspapersandwassoonsentbacktoEuropetocoversucheventsastheGreekRevolution.InEuropeinthe1920's,Ernestlearnedfromavant-gardewriterslikeGertrudeSteinandEzraPoundtheirliterarysparenessandcompression.HemingwayinItalyDu
3、ringthetwenties,HebecameamemberofthegroupofexpatriateAmericansinParis,whichhedescribedinhisfirstnovel,TheSunAlsoRises(1926).HemingwayusedhisexperiencesasareporterduringthecivilwarinSpainasthebackgroundforhismostambitiousnovel,ForWhomtheBellTolls(1940).Amonghislaterworks,themostoutsta
4、ndingistheshortnovel,TheOldManandtheSea(1952),thestoryofanoldfisherman'sjourney,hislongandlonelystrugglewithafishandthesea,andhisvictoryindefeat.Hemingway-himselfagreatsportsman-likedtoportraysoldiers,hunters,bullfighters-tough,attimesprimitivepeoplewhosecourageandhonestyaresetagains
5、tthebrutalwaysofmodernsociety,andwhointhisconfrontationlosehopeandfaith.Hisstraightforwardprose,hissparedialogue,andhispredilectionforunderstatementareparticularlyeffectiveinhisshortstories,someofwhicharecollectedinMenWithoutWomen(1927)andTheFifthColumnandtheFirstForty-NineStories(19
6、38).MainworksTheSunAlsoRises(1926)AFarewelltoArms(1929)ForWhomtheBellTolls(1940)TheOldManandtheSea(1952)ErnestHemingwayHome,KeyWest,Florida恩斯特‧海明威與美國作家珍妮‧福藍那在法國巴黎的合影LostGenerationGroupofU.S.writerswhocameofageduringWorldWarIandestablishedtheirreputationsinthe1920s;morebroadly,theenti
7、repost–WorldWarIAmericangeneration.ThetermwascoinedbyGertrudeSteininaremarktoErnestHemingway.Thewritersconsideredthemselves"lost"becausetheirinheritedvaluescouldnotoperateinthepostwarworldandtheyfeltspirituallyalienatedfromacountrytheyconsideredhopelesslyprovincialandemotionallybarre
8、n.Thetermemb
