语言学讲座课件.ppt

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1、TheNatureofLanguageIntroduction1.1Whatislinguistics1.1.1DefinitionLinguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.TheScopeofLinguisticsLanguageisacomplicatedentitywithmultiplelayersandfacets,sothelinguistshavetoconcentrateononeaspectofitatatime

2、.PsycholinguisticsPhoneticsPhonologymorphologysyntaxsemanticsappliedlinguisticssociolinguisticsotherbranchesThescopeoflinguisticsThestudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticcommunicationiscalledphonetics.Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationi

3、scalledphonology.Whilesoundsareprimaryinlinguisticcommunication,theyarerepresentedbycertainsymbols,i.e.,wordsandmorphemes.Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.Thecombinationofthesewordstoformpermissiblesentencesinlanguag

4、esisgovernedbyrules.Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax.Theultimateobjectiveoflanguageisnotjusttocreategrammaticallywell-formedsentences,buttoconveymeaning.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.Languagecommunicatio

5、ndoesnotoccurinavacuum.Italwaysoccursinacontext,i.e.,italwaysoccursatacertaintime,atacertainplace,betweenparticipantswithparticularintentions.Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.Languageisasocialactivitycarriedoutinacertainsocialenvironmentby

6、humanbeings.Therefore,languageandsocietyarecloselyrelated.Thelanguageapersonusesoftenrevealshissocialbackground,andthereexistsocialnormsthatdeterminethetypeoflanguagetobeusedonacertainoccasionLanguagechangesareoftencausedbysocialchanges.Thestudyoflanguagew

7、ithreferencetosocietyiscalledsociolinguistics.Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingsofmindiscalledpsycholinguistics.Butinanarrowsense,appliedlinguisticsreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning,especiallythe

8、teachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesolutionofsuchproblemsastherecoveryofspeechability.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasappliedlinguistics.Different