美国文学史及选读试卷.doc

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1、美国文学选读复习资料浪漫主义AmericanRomanticismTheRomanticPeriodstretchesfromtheendofthe18thcenturytotheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.ItisaperiodofthegreatfloweringofAmericanliterature.ThesocialandculturalbackgroundofRomanticismTheyoungRepublicwasflourishingintoapolitically,economicallyandculturallyindependen

2、tcountry.TheRomanticwritingsrevealeduniquecharacteristicsoftheirownintheirworksandtheygrewonthenativelands.ThedesireforanescapefromsocietyandareturntonaturebecameapermanentconventionofAmericanliterature.TheAmericanPuritanismasaculturalheritageexertedgreatinfluencesoverAmericanmoralvalues

3、.爱默生Emerson=ThechiefspokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism超验主义HewasadescendentofalonglineofNewEnglandclergymen牧师【pastor】.AmericanTranscendentalismAsaphilosophicalandliterarymovement,AmericanTranscendentalism(alsoknownas“AmericanRenaissance”)flourshedinNewEnglandfromthe1830stotheCivilWar.

4、ItisthehightideofAmericanromanticismanditsdoctrinesfoundtheirgreatestliteraryadvocatesinEmersonandThoreau.TranscendentalistsspokefortheculturalrejuvenationandagainstthematerialismofAmericansociety.Transcendentalism超验主义(+H.D.Thoreau;NathanielHawthorne;)ThemajorfeaturesofTranscendentalism:

5、①TheTranscendentalistsplacedemphasisonspirit,ortheOversoul,asthemostimportantthingintheuniverse.思想超灵宇宙②TheTranscendentalistsstressedtheimportanceoftheindividual.Tothem,theindividualisthemostimportantelementofSociety.个体+社会③TheTranscendentalistsofferedafreshperceptionofnatureassymbolicofth

6、eSpiritorGod.Naturewasnotpurelymatter.Itwasalive,filledwithGod’soverwhelmingpresence.自然+上帝Emerson’s代表作：Nature；Self-Reliance；TheAmericanScholar；TheOver-soul；H.D.Thoreau梭罗andhisworkWalden瓦尔登湖notonlyfullydemonstratesEmersonianideasofself-reliancebutalsodevelopsandtestsThoreau’sowntranscende

7、ntalphilosophy.HenryWadsworthLongfellow朗费罗FeaturesofLongfellow’spoeticworksChiefromantictendenciesashumanitarianattitude,loveofnatureandloveofbeauty.ThefirstAmericanpoettowritenarrativepoems.ConventionalstyleandsubjectsGenerallysimpleideasexpressedmusicallyandpowerfully.S